%0 Journal Article %T Toll Like Receptor 2 and 4 Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Multiple Sclerosis Patients %J Iranian Journal of Immunology %I Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research %Z 1735-1383 %A Hasheminia, Seyed Javad %A Zarkesh-Esfahani, Sayyed Hamid %A Tolouei, Sepideh %A Shaygannejad, Vahid %A Shirzad, Hedaiatallah %A Hashemzadeh Chaleshtory, Morteza %D 2014 %\ 06/01/2014 %V 11 %N 2 %P 74-83 %! Toll Like Receptor 2 and 4 Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Multiple Sclerosis Patients %K Multiple Sclerosis %K TLR-2 %K TLR-4 %K PBMC %R %X Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a T cell mediated autoimmune disease with unknown etiology. Appropriate MS therapeutic strategies need thorough understanding of both disease etiology and pathogenesis mechanisms. Ligation of TLR-2 and TLR-4 stimulates the production of several cytokines leading to CNS autoimmunity and neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: To find a relationship between MS disability and TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression on mononuclear cells in the blood of MS patients. Methods: Forty-five new case (NC) MS patients (33 females and 12 males) and 45 age and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited to the study. PBMCs were prepared and the expressions of TLR-2 and TLR-4 were assessed by flowcytometry technique using appropriate monoclonal antibodies. Results: Our results showed that the expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 proteins in the patients group was significantly higher than that of healthy controls. TLR-2 but not TLR-4 was correlated with expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scores. Conclusion: High expressions of TLR-2 and TLR-4 may represent a state of innate immune activation in patients with MS. %U https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_16768_9c34b0fbdfe38824c25a1290ba627dd5.pdf