Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research
Iranian Journal of Immunology
1735-1383
1735-367X
1
2
2004
09
01
Role of Immunosuppression Minimization Protocols in Renal Transplantation
78
96
EN
Nasrollah
Ghahramani
Division of Nephrology, HO40, Department of Internal Medicine, Pennsylvania State, University College
of Medicine, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
nghahramani@hmc.psu.edu
The subject of transplant immunosuppression has generated significant interest in recent years. Excellent immunosuppression, advances in surgical technique, post-transplantation care, and infection control have resulted in excellent outcomes. There is widespread support for the notion that the fundamental objective in transplant immunology should be the achievement of specific graft tolerance. However, until this objective evolves into reality, investigators are in search of the “ideal immunosuppressant”, which should target predominantly the immune system with minimal consequences for other tissues and minimal metabolic, cardiovascular and renal complications. While immunosuppressants have been associated with a tremendous trade-off in terms of morbidity, new agents have provided the investigators with the opportunity to formulate strategies that employ combination therapies with the goal of decreasing doses of individual agents and minimizing their toxicities. Multiple small studies have addressed the issue of minimizing immunosuppressants, but there is a need for well-designed clinical trials which should evaluate protocols that will reduce acute rejection, as well as chronic allograft nephropathy. They should address methods to identify subsets of patients who would maximally benefit from avoidance or withdrawal of steroids or calcineurin inhibitors. Other promising areas of research include tolerance studies among the sensitized recipients, and development of optimal immunosuppression based on genotype. In general, future trials must include a more diverse population of recipients, particularly the immunologically high risk groups.
Cyclosporine,Kidney Transplantation,Tacrolimus,Mycophenolate,Sirolimus,tolerance
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_16790.html
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_16790_a75f5cb8104db857c9c2eaa724da3be0.pdf
Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research
Iranian Journal of Immunology
1735-1383
1735-367X
1
2
2004
09
01
Differential Immunogenicity of A Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine in Iranian Neonates: Influence of Ethnicity and Environmental Factors
98
104
EN
Abdollah
Jafarzadeh
0000-0002-8180-0602
Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
jafarzadeh14@yahoo.com
Jalal
Khoshnoodi
Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
Shayesteh
Ghorbani
Kerman Health Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman
Saleh
Mohaghegh Hazrati
Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
Babak
Faraj Mazaheri
Health Research Center of
Urmia, Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Fazel
Shokri
0000-0003-2940-3404
Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
fazshok@yahoo.com
<br/><b>Objective</b>: <span style="font-family: ZTRAA.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTRAA.tmp; font-size: medium;">To compare immunogenicity of a recombinant hepatitis B (HB) vaccine</span></span> in two groups of neonates born in two cities of Iran with different geographic and ethnic backgrounds. <span style="font-family: ZTRA8.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTRA8.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;">Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: </span></span><span style="font-family: ZTRAA.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTRAA.tmp; font-size: medium;">Ten micrograms of a recombinant HB vaccine</span></span> was administered under field condition to Iranian healthy neonates at 0, 1.5 and 9 months intervals. The subjects consisted of two groups of 290 and 231 neonates selected from two cities located at north-west (Urmia) and south-east (Kerman) of Iran, respectively. The level of anti-HBs antibody was quantitated in serum 2-4 weeks after administration of the last vaccine dose, by sandwich ELISA. <span style="font-family: ZTRA8.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTRA8.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><br/><b>Results</b>:</span></span> A higher seroprotection rate (anti-HBs> 10 IU/L) (98.3% vs. 96.1%) and significantly increased serum anti- HBs antibody titer (11869 vs. 6104 IU/L) (P<0.001) were induced in vaccinated neonates from Urmia city, compared to those born in Kerman. <span style="font-family: ZTRA8.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTRA8.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><br/><b>Conclusion</b>:</span></span> These findings suggest contribution of ethnic and/or environmental factors in the antibody response to recombinant HB vaccine in human.
Ant i-HBs antibody,Hepatitis B,Vaccinat ion,Immunogenicit y,neonate,Seroprotection
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_16791.html
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_16791_a99e7cc36fd489f9b755193bf24f631c.pdf
Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research
Iranian Journal of Immunology
1735-1383
1735-367X
1
2
2004
09
01
Immunological Correlates of Adult Onset Idiopathic Generalized Tonic-clonic Epilepsy before and after Sodium Valproate Treatment
105
110
EN
Gholamali
Yousefi-Pour
Neurology and
Sadegh
Izadi
Neurology and
Abbas
Ghaderi
0000-0003-0849-3375
Immunology, Medical School, and
ghaderia@sums.ac.ir
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To investigate possible immunological humoral correlates in newly diagnosed</span></span> adult-onset generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy among Iranian patients before and after sodium valproate treatment. Patients and <br/><b>Methods</b>: </span></span>72 adult patients with newly</span></span> diagnosed idiopathic generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy were recruited. Serum antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCL), anti-dsDNA antibodies, total serum immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA) and C3 and C4 complements were determined before and after 12 months of therapy with sodium valproate. Similar parameters were also measured in 32 age and sex-matched healthy volunteers. <br/><b>Results</b>:</span></span> Patients group had a significantly greater level of IgG class aCL (30.6% versus 12.4%, P = 0.004) and anti-dsDNA antibodies (23.9% versus 0%, P = 0.001) when compared with healthy volunteers, however, ANA titre was relatively the same in both groups. Sodium valproate significantly decreased anti-dsDNA antibodiles (P = 0.002), IgM concentrations (P = 0.034), and increased the number of ANA positive patients (P = 0.002). <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: </span></span>Changes in serum level of autoantibodies in patients with new</span></span> onset idiopathic generalized convulsion were found to be high. These abnormalities are associated with both seizure disorders per se and also antiepileptic drugs. We suggest that in epileptic patients with an autoimmune basis, administration of anti-epileptic drugs having modulatory effects on immune system should be considered.
Adults,Autoantibodies,Epilepsy,Sodium Valproate
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_16792.html
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_16792_26877fb44dc7da6857821af10171ee67.pdf
Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research
Iranian Journal of Immunology
1735-1383
1735-367X
1
2
2004
09
01
Anticardiolipin Antibody in Patients with Behçet's Disease with and without Vascular Thrombosis
111
117
EN
Akbar
Rajaee
Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine
rajaeea@sums.ac.ir
Mohammad Ali
Nazarinia
Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine
Seyed Modjtaba
Hakim
Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine
Mitra
Amini
Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine
Maryam
Ayatollahi
Department of Immunology
ayatmb@sums.ac.ir
Abbas
Ghaderi
0000-0003-0849-3375
Department of Immunology
ghaderia@sums.ac.ir
<br/><b>Objective</b>: <span style="font-family: ZTR2A1.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR2A1.tmp; font-size: medium;">The clinical value of IgG anticardiolipin antibody in patients with Behçet's</span></span> disease with or without vascular thrombosis was evaluated. <span style="font-family: ZTR29F.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR29F.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><br/><b>Methods</b>: </span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR2A1.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR2A1.tmp; font-size: medium;">IgG isotype of</span></span> anticardiolipin (aCL) antibody was assessed in 40 Behçet's disease (BD) patients with venous or arterial thrombosis, 40 BD patients without venous or arterial thrombosis and 80 healthy subjects as controls. The levels of IgG aCL were determined by an indirect ELISA method. Color Doppler Sonography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and conventional angiography were the procedures used for other clinical evaluations. <br/><b>Results</b>: <span style="font-family: ZTR2A1.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR2A1.tmp; font-size: medium;">Out of 40 patients with vascular thrombosis, 20(50%) were positive for low</span></span> to moderate level of IgG aCL. In patients without thrombosis 22(55%) were positive for low to moderate level of IgG aCL while in none (0%) of the healthy subjects the IgG aCL was positive, neither low nor moderate. The number of patients with headache but having a normal cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), was higher in anticardiolipin positive patients without vascular thrombosis as compared to those with vascular thrombosis, (P = 0.001). Arthritis was noticed in both patents groups. 15% of aCL positive patients without thrombosis had arthritis as compared to none in aCL negative patients without thrombosis (P = 0.02). <span style="font-family: ZTR29F.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR29F.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><br/><b>Conclusion</b>: </span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR2A1.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR2A1.tmp; font-size: medium;">The results of this study</span></span> indicate that although the frequency of IgG aCL was found to be higher in Iranian patients with BD in comparison with the previous reports, except in arthritis the observed elevated IgG aCL does not correlate with clinical disease manifestations, or vascular thrombotic complications.
Anticardiolipin antibody,Behçet's Disease,Vascular Thrombosis
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_16793.html
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_16793_9e8b17741ea9dc981afe06f8eb00b8e1.pdf
Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research
Iranian Journal of Immunology
1735-1383
1735-367X
1
2
2004
09
01
Anticardiolipin Antibodies in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
117
123
EN
Sara
Kashef
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology and Allergy
kashefs@sums.ac.ir
Reza
Amin
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology and Allergy
Maryam
Ayatollahi
Immunology
and Allergy Research Lab
ayatmb@sums.ac.ir
Abbas
Ghaderi
0000-0003-0849-3375
Department of Immunology
ghaderia@sums.ac.ir
<b>Background</b>: <span><span>Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) can either occur as a primary</span></span> syndrome or associated with other autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) of IgG and/or IgM isotype in blood, measured by a standardized ELISA is the most acceptable laboratory criteria. APS IgG isotype, particularly IgG2 subclass is more strongly associated with thrombosis. <br/><b>Objectives</b>: <span><span>This study was done to determine the prevalence of IgG aCL and its</span></span> subclasses in relation to APS symptoms, in a group of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. <br/><b>Methods</b>: </span></span><span><span>In this</span></span> prospective study, 28 JRA and 16 SLE patients, aged 3-18 years, were enrolled. IgG aCL was assayed by standard aCL ELISA. IgG subclasses were also assayed by ELISA on sera with medium to high titers of aCL. ACL assay was performed on at least two occasions for each patient, over 3-6 months period of follow up. <br/><b>Results</b>: </span></span><span><span>29% (8/28)</span></span> of JRA patients and 44% (7/16) of SLE patients had aCL. Six of SLE patients displayed APS related manifestations: hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, arterial occlusion, valvular heart disease, livedo reticularis and pulmonary hypertension, but none of them had persistant medium or high titer of aCL. The lack of association of high titer of aCL with APS related symptoms was observed in two patients. The IgG subclasses were primarily IgG1 and IgG3. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: </span></span><span><span>The prevalence of IgG aCL in this group of</span></span> pediatric SLE and JRA is not uncommon but it’s relation to clinical manifestations is not clear. IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses were not associated with thrombosis, which is in agreement with previous studies.
Antiphospholipid syndrome,Anticardiolipin antibody,Juvenile Rheumatoid,Arthritis,systemic lupus Erythematosus
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_16794.html
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_16794_f272ea1417280487a6ebb217f2514352.pdf
Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research
Iranian Journal of Immunology
1735-1383
1735-367X
1
2
2004
09
01
Cytokines Genes Polymorphisms in Iranian Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
125
129
EN
Ali Akbar
Amirzargar
0000-0002-7442-2519
Immunogenetic Laboratory, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran
amirzara@tums.ac.ir
Abdol Ali
Danesh
Immunogenetic Laboratory, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Farideh
Khosravi
Immunogenetic Laboratory, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Hossein
Niknam
Immunogenetic Laboratory, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Behrouz
Nikbin
Immunogenetic Laboratory, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran
dnik@ams.ac.ir
<b>Background</b>: <span style="font-family: ZTR229.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR229.tmp; font-size: medium;">Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) has recently become a major problem in</span></span> developed countries especially in immune compromised HIV infected individuals. Cytokines, their genes and receptors have been implicated in the protective immunity, pathophysiology and development of tuberculosis. <span style="font-family: ZTR227.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR227.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;">Material & <br/><b>Methods</b>: </span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR229.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR229.tmp; font-size: medium;">In the present</span></span> study the genotype frequencies of a number of polymorphic genes coding for cytokines or for cytokine receptors have been investigated in a case control study including a group of 40 Iranian PTB patients and 40 healthy individuals. The allelic polymorphism of cytokines SNPs were analyzed according to the protocols of the cytokine component designed for the 13th IHW by the Heidelberg University group. Using PCR-SSP method the following cytokine genes have been determined: IL-1 <span style="font-family: ZTR22B.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR22B.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;">¿ </span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR229.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR229.tmp; font-size: medium;">(T/C –889), IL-1</span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR22B.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR22B.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;">¾ </span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR229.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR229.tmp; font-size: medium;">(C/T</span></span> +3962), IL-1R (C/T pstI 1970), IL-1RA ( T/C mspaI 1100), IL-4RA (G/A +1902), IL- 12 (C/A –1188), TGF- <span style="font-family: ZTR22B.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR22B.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;">¾ </span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR229.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR229.tmp; font-size: medium;">(C/T codon 10, G/C codon 25), TNF-</span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR22B.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR22B.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;">¿ </span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR229.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR229.tmp; font-size: medium;">(G/A –308, G/A –238),</span></span> IL-2 (T/G –330 G/T +166), IL-4 (T/G –1098, T/C –590, T/C –33), IL-6 (G/C –174, G/A nt 560), IL-10 (G/A –1082, C/T –819, C/A –592). <span style="font-family: ZTR227.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR227.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><br/><b>Results</b>: </span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR229.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR229.tmp; font-size: medium;">From IL-1R cluster</span></span> (pro- inflammatory cytokines) a positive significant association was found at position pstI 1970 C/T polymorphism where the C allele was over presented in the PTB patients (60% vs. 37.5%, P = 0.04). A significant negative association at codon 10 TGF- <span style="font-family: ZTR22B.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR22B.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;">¾ </span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR229.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR229.tmp; font-size: medium;">C/T</span></span> polymorphism has also been shown in our patients, where the T allele was not detected in the patients but 10% of the control subjects expressed this allele (Fisher exact test, P = 0.05). At this codon allele T (Leucine substitution) is associated with high TGF- <span style="font-family: ZTR22B.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR22B.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;">¾</span></span> production. For TNF <span style="font-family: ZTR22B.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR22B.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;">¿ </span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR229.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR229.tmp; font-size: medium;">an insignificant tendency was found at position -308 A/G</span></span> polymorphism where the G allele carried by 80% of cases and 65% of controls (P = 0.07). At position -238 a negative association was found at the GA polymorphism (10% vs. 25%, P = 0.07). For IL-6 an insignificant positive association at position -174 C/G polymorphism, G allele (57.5% vs. 37.5, P = 0.07) was found. At the other cytokine genes no specific association were found. <span style="font-family: ZTR227.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR227.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><br/><b>Conclusion</b>: </span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR229.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR229.tmp; font-size: medium;">In conclusion it is suggested</span></span> that C allele at position pstI 1970 of IL-1 cluster increases and T allele at codon 10 of TGF- <span style="font-family: ZTR22B.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR22B.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;">¾ </span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR229.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR229.tmp; font-size: medium;">decreases in PTB patients.</span></span>
Cytokine,PCR-SSP,Polymorphism,Tuberculosis
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_16795.html
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_16795_542a83e5dafda652a72cafa37f9e3077.pdf
Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research
Iranian Journal of Immunology
1735-1383
1735-367X
1
2
2004
09
01
Association of IFN-¹ Gene Polymorphism with Type 1 Diabetes in Iranian Patients
130
132
EN
Ali
Rafinejad
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Mohammad Hossein
Niknam
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Ali Akbar
Amirzargar
0000-0002-7442-2519
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
amirzara@tums.ac.ir
Farideh
Khosravi
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Forouzan
Karimi
Iranian National
Research Center for Medical Sciences of I.R. IRAN
fkarimi_2001@yahoo.com
Bagher
Larijani
Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center,
Tehran, Iran.
<b>Background</b>: <span style="font-family: ZTR1EE.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR1EE.tmp; font-size: medium;">Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a chronic and progressive autoimmune disorder.</span></span> Cytokines play a critical role in the pathogenesis of T1D. <span style="font-family: ZTR1EC.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR1EC.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><br/><b>Objective</b>: </span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR1EE.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR1EE.tmp; font-size: medium;">IFN-</span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR1E8.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR1E8.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;">¹ </span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR1EE.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR1EE.tmp; font-size: medium;">polymorphism</span></span> was investigated in T1D and compared with normal controls. <span style="font-family: ZTR1EC.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR1EC.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><br/><b>Methods</b>: </span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR1EE.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR1EE.tmp; font-size: medium;">Thirty patients</span></span> suffering from T1D and 40 normal controls were studied simultaneously using PCR technique. IFN- <span style="font-family: ZTR1E8.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR1E8.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;">¹ </span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR1EE.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR1EE.tmp; font-size: medium;">gene was evaluated at position 5’UTR +5644. </span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR1EC.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR1EC.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><br/><b>Results</b>: </span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR1EE.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR1EE.tmp; font-size: medium;">There was a</span></span> significant difference between patient and control groups in TT genotype (P<0.05). <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: <span style="font-family: ZTR1EE.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR1EE.tmp; font-size: medium;">In this study, we found a negative association between IFN-</span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR1E8.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR1E8.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;">¹ </span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR1EE.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR1EE.tmp; font-size: medium;">gene at</span></span> position 5’UTR +5644 and T1D in Iranian patients pointing to T allele as a protective factor against T1D.
Cytokine,Polymorphism,Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_16796.html
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_16796_8f7ba0beed815ec9466737a4202bffbc.pdf
Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research
Iranian Journal of Immunology
1735-1383
1735-367X
1
2
2004
09
01
The Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis among 11-15 Years-old Children in Shiraz
133
137
EN
Hedaiat
Akbari
Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,
Shiraz
Reza
Farid-Hosseini
Department of Immunology, Bu-Ali Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences,
Mashhad, Iran.
Sara
Miri
Department of Immunology, Bu-Ali Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences,
Mashhad, Iran.
Reza
Amin
Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,
Shiraz
aminr@sums.ac.ir
<b>Background</b>: <span style="font-family: ZTR1A7.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR1A7.tmp; font-size: medium;">Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common forms of allergic disorders</span></span> affecting children. The prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis differs among countries and even among regions within the same country. <span style="font-family: ZTR1A5.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR1A5.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><br/><b>Objectives</b>: </span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR1A7.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR1A7.tmp; font-size: medium;">To determine the prevalence</span></span> of childhood allergic rhinitis and the presence and significance of eosinophilia in nasal secretions. <span style="font-family: ZTR1A5.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR1A5.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><br/><b>Method</b>: </span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR1A7.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR1A7.tmp; font-size: medium;">4584 children aged 11-15 years-old of both sexes with allergic</span></span> rhinitis were studied. The study was done during a four-season period. After physical examination of the nose, smear was taken from nasal secretions and it was stained. The results compared with nasal smears related to 340 healthy children controls. <span style="font-family: ZTR1A5.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR1A5.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><br/><b>Results</b>:</span></span> 445 cases (9.7%) were diagnosed as having allergic rhinitis, on the basis of clinical criteria. Significant nasal eosinophilia was present in 274 (62%) of children with allergic rhinitis. 226 students (5.8%) of Shiraz school children had proven or classic allergic rhinitis. <span style="font-family: ZTR1A5.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR1A5.tmp,Bold; font-size: medium;"><br/><b>Conclusion</b>: </span></span><span style="font-family: ZTR1A7.tmp; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: ZTR1A7.tmp; font-size: medium;">Allergic rhinitis is one of the major health problems among</span></span> children in Shiraz. Eosinophilia of nasal secretions had a diagnostic specificity of 96% and sensitivity of 62% and seems to be having a moderate value as screening test for nasal allergy.
Allergic Rhinitis,Eosinophilia,prevalence
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_16797.html
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_16797_9ab3f1462da508735e17b470b3fa2bd6.pdf