TY - JOUR ID - 39372 TI - Vaccination with Live Attenuated L. Major and TLR4 Agonist Promotes a Th1 Immune Response and Induces Protection against L. Major Infection in BALB/c Mice JO - Iranian Journal of Immunology JA - IJI LA - en SN - 1735-1383 AU - Noorpisheh Ghadimi, Shamsi AU - Farjadian, Shirin AU - Hatam, Gholam Reza AU - Kalani, Mehdi AU - Sarkari, Bahador AD - Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, AD - Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AD - Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AD - Prof. Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AD - Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Y1 - 2018 PY - 2018 VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 74 EP - 83 KW - Live Attenuated L. Major KW - TLR4 Agonist KW - Vaccination DO - 10.22034/iji.2018.39372 N2 - Background: Toll like receptors play a major role in immune responses against Leishmania parasites. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of vaccination with live attenuated L. major and TLR4 agonist in protection against L. major infection. Methods: Attenuated L. major was prepared by continuous sub-culturing of the parasite. A total of 90 mice were assigned to 9 groups including 6 groups of BALB/c (G1-6) and 3 groups (G7-9) of C57BL/6 mice. Group 1 was the control groups, group 2 received the wild-type L. major promastigotes, group 3 the attenuated line, group 4 the TLR4 agonist, group 5 the wild-type L. major and TLR4 agonist, and group 6 the attenuated line along with TLR4 agonist. Group 7 was control, group 8 received wild-type L. major and group 9 the wild-type along with TLR4 agonist. Vaccinated mice were then challenged with wild-type of L. major. Lesion size, parasite burden, and the expression levels of IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-2, 1L-17A, IL-10, TGF-β and TLR4 were evaluated before the challenge while parasite burden and lesion size were evaluated. Results: Vaccinated mice with a TLR4 agonist or attenuated L. major plus TLR4 agonist produced the highest levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-17A. Post-challenge analysis revealed that mice vaccinated with the attenuated line along with TLR4 agonist displayed the lowest lesion size and parasite load. These mice developed a predominant Th1 immune response. Conclusion: Vaccination with the attenuated L. major along with TLR4 agonist promotes a Th1-mediated immune response which leads to the protection of BALB/c mice against L. major infection. UR - https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_39372.html L1 - https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_39372_f8394a4c9a20870d7f1e4c909e5ec3dd.pdf ER -