Zahra Faghih; Saeideh Sadat Shobeiri; Ali Ariafar; Mohsen Sarkarian; Shahryar Zeighami; Nazanin Nazari; Saeed Abbasi-Sarvak; Nasrollah Erfani
Volume 13, Issue 4 , December 2016, , Pages 237-248
Abstract
Background: Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, as essential parts of the adaptive immune
system, play pivotal roles in anti-tumor immune responses. It is well documented that
cytokine expression profiles and activation status of these cells during anti-tumor
immune responses affect the outcome of host-tumor ...
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Background: Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, as essential parts of the adaptive immune
system, play pivotal roles in anti-tumor immune responses. It is well documented that
cytokine expression profiles and activation status of these cells during anti-tumor
immune responses affect the outcome of host-tumor interaction. Objective: To
investigate the percentages of CD8+ lymphocytes and their subsets in tumor draining
lymph nodes of patients with bladder cancer. Methods: Forty-five patients with bladder
cancer, candidate for radical cystectomy, were recruited. Mononuclear cells were
isolated from draining lymph nodes using Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation, and
were activated by PMA/Ionomycin in the presence of Golgi inhibitors. The cells were
then permeabilized and stained with appropriate flourochrome conjugated antibodies
against CD3, CD8, IFN-γ, IL-17 and IL-4 molecules. Data were collected on a fourcolor
flow cytometer and analyzed by CellQuestPro software. Results: Despite no
difference in the frequency of IL-17 producing CD8+ (Tc17) lymphocytes, the mean
expression of IL-17 in this subset was significantly elevated in high-grade patients
(p=0.011). The percentage of double positive IFN-γ/IL-17 CD8+ lymphocytes was also
significantly increased in node positive patients compared to node negative ones
(p=0.046). Our results also demonstrated that the percentage of IFN-γ producing CD8+
(Tc1) lymphocytes was significantly increased in the patients with higher histological
grade compared to those with lower ones (p=0.038). Conclusion: IFN-γ and IL-17
producing CD8+ T cells may increase in advanced stages of bladder cancer, but their
correlation with tumor prognosis remains to be investigated.
Abdol Aziz Khezri; Mehdi Shirazi; Seyyed Mohammad Taghi Ayatollahi; Mehrzad Lotfi; Mehrdad Askarian; Ali Ariafar; Mohammad Amin Afrasiabi
Volume 6, Issue 1 , March 2009, , Pages 40-48
Abstract
Background: It is relevant to highlight that there is not a precise and perfect report on either 95 percentile value (upper limit of normal range) or on appropriate reference intervals for serum PSA in Iranian population. Objective: To determine age-specific reference ranges for serum prostate-specific ...
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Background: It is relevant to highlight that there is not a precise and perfect report on either 95 percentile value (upper limit of normal range) or on appropriate reference intervals for serum PSA in Iranian population. Objective: To determine age-specific reference ranges for serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration and PSA density (PSAD) and prostate volumes in a population of healthy Iranian men. Methods: Nine-hundred and thirteen healthy Iranian men, aged 50-79 years, underwent a detailed clinical evaluation including a digital rectal examination, a serum PSA determination (DRE) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). PSA test was performed on 666 of the subjects and TRUS was done on 633 of them. None of the subjects had any evidence of prostate cancer by any one of the three diagnostic tests and had no history of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS). Age specific ranges for PSA levels, PSA density and prostate volume were determined. Results: The serum PSA concentration correlated directly with the subjects’ age (r=0.280; p<0.001) and prostatic volume (r=0.327; p<0.001). Also prostatic volume was directly proportional to age (r=0.197; p<0.001).The serum PSA ranges (95th percentile) for each age range in Iranian men were: 0.00-2.61 ng/ml for 50-59 years; 0.00-3.59 ng/ml for 60-69 years; and 0.00- 4.83 ng/ml for 70-79 years. The respective prostate volumes were: 14-59, 16-66 and 18- 73ml. Also respective PSA densities were: 0.00-0.076, 0.00-0.10 and 0.00-0.14 ng/ml/ml. Conclusion: The present study confirms earlier reports that serum PSA levels and prostate volume and PSAD are age- and race- dependent, so it is appropriate to have age- specific reference ranges for these variables in various communities around the world. This will increase the positive predictive value of PSA estimation in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in different communities.
