Alireza Farnam; Jafar Majidi; Seyyed Gholamreza Nourazar; Morteza Ghojazadeh; Aliakbar Movassaghpour; Saeedeh Majidi Zolbanin
Abstract
Background: There are conflicting findings about relationship between depression and anger with immunological parameters. Objective: To investigate the relationship between anger patterns and immune system in depressed patients. Methods: Thirty-five patients with major depressive disorder were selected ...
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Background: There are conflicting findings about relationship between depression and anger with immunological parameters. Objective: To investigate the relationship between anger patterns and immune system in depressed patients. Methods: Thirty-five patients with major depressive disorder were selected according to DSM-IV criteria. The Hamilton Depression Scale and Spielberger Anger questionnaires were used to determine severity of depression and "anger expression pattern", respectively. The control group without a previous history of mental illness was also selected. In the group of patients with moderate depression, serum IgA levels and NK cell percentage were measured. Results: Mean differences of all types of "anger expression pattern", including; "state-trait anger", "anger expression out", "anger expression in", "anger control out" and "anger control in", between study and control groups, were statistically significant (p<0.05). Difference in mean serum levels of IgA in either group was not significant (p=0.9), but the mean difference was significant in terms of NK-cell percentage in both groups (p=0.04). There was no significant relationship between IgA levels and percentage of NK-cell with all types of "anger expression pattern" in both groups. Only in the control group, IgA had significant correlation with Anger control out (p=0.04). Conclusion: Moderately depressed patients versus control group had higher Spielberger scores in all types of anger expression pattern except anger controlout and anger control-in. We found no evidence supporting the relationship between" anger expression pattern" and IgA levels and NK cell percentage; however, it seems that depression itself causes reduced number of NK cells and increased IgA levels.
Masoud Al-Maskari; Ahmed Al-Shukaili; Ali Al-Mammari
Abstract
Background: The relationship of inflammatory cytokines with anxiety and depression has been reported, but their role in diabetic patients has not been fully elucidated. Objective: We examined whether an association between prevalence of anxiety and depression in Omani type-2 diabetic patients (n=30) ...
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Background: The relationship of inflammatory cytokines with anxiety and depression has been reported, but their role in diabetic patients has not been fully elucidated. Objective: We examined whether an association between prevalence of anxiety and depression in Omani type-2 diabetic patients (n=30) and the levels of inflammatory markers such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ and C-reactive protein (CRP) exists. Methods: Symptoms of anxiety and depression were screened using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) through self-rated questionnaires. IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, CRP, anti-TPO and anti-GAD65 antibodies were measured in patients' sera using commercially available ELISA assays. Results: In Omani type 2 diabetic patients, high prevalence of anxiety and depression along with high levels of inflammatory markers were detected. However, no correlation was observed between inflammatory markers and anxiety or depression. Conclusion: These results indicate that Omani type 2 diabetic patients are at great risk for developing anxiety and depression. Therefore, these complications need more care and attention. There was no association between scores of anxiety and depression with the levels of inflammatory cytokines. This may need to be elucidated in a larger cohort of patients.
