Ramina Fatemi; Ebrahim Mirzadegan; Zohreh Vahedian; Amir Hassan Zarnani; Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani; Farah Idali
Volume 14, Issue 2 , June 2017, , Pages 159-171
Abstract
Background: 17β-estradiol (E2) has been known to modulate immune response. Recent studies indicate that E2 at pregnancy level plays a role in regulating T cell response. Objective: To investigate the optimum dose of E2 (from 10-9 to 10-7 M) in mediating the generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), ...
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Background: 17β-estradiol (E2) has been known to modulate immune response. Recent studies indicate that E2 at pregnancy level plays a role in regulating T cell response. Objective: To investigate the optimum dose of E2 (from 10-9 to 10-7 M) in mediating the generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), using naïve human CD4+ T cells from healthy women. Methods: Naïve peripheral T cells were purified and conditioned with soluble anti-CD28 in anti-CD3-coated plates in the presence or absence of E2. Flow cytometry was employed to assess the expression pattern of forkhead boxP3 (FOXP3) and programmed death-1 (PD-1). Proliferation and cytokine secretions were analyzed, using XTT and ELISA assays. Results: In the presence of different doses of E2, the expression levels of anti-CD3/CD28 antibody-stimulated CD25/FOXP3 and FOXP3/PD-1 in conditioned T cells (cT) were peaked at 1 ng/ml (early pregnancy level, E2(1)) (47.14% (37.3-74.9) and 32% (27.7-52.5), respectively) and a slight, but not significant, increase after declining at 36 ng/ml (late pregnancy/pharmaceutical, E2(36)) (19.4% (15.2-24.5) and 15.8% (10.6-26.8), respectively). E2(1) cT showed a significantly reduced proliferation capacity (p<0.05) and secretion of IL-10 was enhanced in supernatants of E2(1 and 36) cT (p<0.05). In contrast to decreased TNF-a and IFN-g secretions in E2(1) cT supernatants, E2(36) stimulated TNF-a and IFN-g secretions (pConclusion: Our results indicate that the differential effect of E2 on generation of Tregs is consistent with the possibility that lower levels of pregnancy E2 are most efficient in induction of Tregs.
Ghasem Mosayebi; Shaban Ali Alizadeh; Ali Alasti; Alireza Amouzandeh Nobaveh; Ali Ghazavi; Mahsa Okhovat; Mohammad Rafiei
Volume 10, Issue 4 , December 2013, , Pages 216-228
Abstract
Background: The appendix is considered as part of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue; however, lymphocyte subsets in this tissue are not fully defined. Objective: To investigate and compare the function and phenotype of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and appendix of patients with normal and inflamed ...
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Background: The appendix is considered as part of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue; however, lymphocyte subsets in this tissue are not fully defined. Objective: To investigate and compare the function and phenotype of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and appendix of patients with normal and inflamed appendix tissues. Methods: Peripheral blood samples and appendiceal mononuclear cells were obtained from 81 patients (mean age; 23 ± 10.5 years), clinically suspected of having appendicitis. The phenotypic characteristics of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood (before and 48-72 hrs after appendectomy) and in appendix tissue were analyzed by three color-flow cytometry. The proliferative response of mononuclear cells was assessed by MTT method. Results: The frequency of CD19+DR+, HLA-DR+ and CD19+ cells in the appendix tissue were significantly higher than that of the peripheral blood in all the groups (p<0.001). The percentage of CD19+ cells and HLA-DR+CD19+ cells significantly decreased after appendectomy in the peripheral blood of the patients with acute appendicitis (p=0.047 and p=0.03, respectively). CD19 and HLA-DR plus CD19 had better diagnostic efficiency compared with T cell markers (area under the ROC curve [AUC]= 0.76 and 0.73, respectively). Conclusion: These results indicate a significant difference in CD19+ and HLA-DR+ lymphocytes between peripheral blood and the appendix tissue.
