Jianrong Niu; Hui Zhou; Rong Tian; Xudong Wang
Abstract
Background: Molecular markers are involved in atopic dermatitis (AD) pathogenesis. The estrogen receptor (ESR)-1 gene, encoding ERα, is reported to express aberrantly in AD patients.Objective: To detect the biological functions of ESR1 in 2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-treated mice.Methods: The ...
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Background: Molecular markers are involved in atopic dermatitis (AD) pathogenesis. The estrogen receptor (ESR)-1 gene, encoding ERα, is reported to express aberrantly in AD patients.Objective: To detect the biological functions of ESR1 in 2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-treated mice.Methods: The DNCB-treated mice received a topical application of emulsion containing the 1,3-bis(4 hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-[4-(2-piperidinyl ethoxy) phenol]-1H-pyrazole dihydrochloride (MPP; an ESR1-selective antagonist) to dorsal skins and ears. Then the dermatitis scores, histopathological changes, and cytokine levels were evaluated.Results: MPP specifically downregulated ESR1 expression in DNCB-applied mice. Functionally, application of MPP abolished the DNCB-induced promotion in dermatitis score. Additionally, MPP administration protected against DNCB-induced dermatitis severity, suppressed mast cell infiltration and reduced production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC). Moreover, MPP treatment inhibited DNCB- induced production of Th2 cytokines and infiltration of CD4+ T cells.Conclusion: ESR1 facilitates Th2-immune response and enhances Th2 cytokines in AD mice.
Masutaka Furue; Dugarmaa Ulzii; Yen Vu; Gaku Tsuji; Makiko Kido-Nakahara; Takeshi Nakahara
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by skin inflammation, barrier dysfunction and chronic pruritus. In this review, recent advances in the pathogenesis of AD are summarized. Clinical efficacy of the anti-IL-4 receptor antibody dupilumab implies that type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 have pivotal roles ...
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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by skin inflammation, barrier dysfunction and chronic pruritus. In this review, recent advances in the pathogenesis of AD are summarized. Clinical efficacy of the anti-IL-4 receptor antibody dupilumab implies that type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 have pivotal roles in atopic inflammation. The expression of IL-4 and IL-13 as well as type 2 chemokines such as CCL17, CCL22 and CCL26 is increased in the lesional skin of AD. In addition, IL-4 and IL-13 down-regulate the expression of filaggrin in keratinocytes and exacerbate epidermal barrier dysfunction. Keratinocytes in barrier-disrupted epidermis produce large amounts of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-25 and IL-33, conducing to type 2 immune deviation via OX40L/OX40 signaling. IL-31, produced by type 2 T cells, is a cardinal pruritogenic cytokine. IL-4 and IL-13 also amplify the IL-31-mediated sensory nerve signal. These molecules are particularly important targets for future drug development for AD.
Mozhgan Moghtaderi; Shirin Farjadian; Sara Kashef; Soheila Alyasin; Maryam Afrasiabi; Marzieh Orooj
Volume 9, Issue 1 , March 2012, , Pages 32-38
Abstract
Background: Atopic dermatitis is a major public health problem, often starting in early childhood and sometimes followed by other allergic diseases. Although hypersensitivity to foods is assumed to play an essential role in the development of atopic dermatitis in some patients, little is known about ...
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Background: Atopic dermatitis is a major public health problem, often starting in early childhood and sometimes followed by other allergic diseases. Although hypersensitivity to foods is assumed to play an essential role in the development of atopic dermatitis in some patients, little is known about common food allergens in Iranian children with atopic dermatitis. Objectives: This study was designed to identify probable food allergens in Iranian children with atopic dermatitis and find the relationship between food sensitization and the severity of atopic dermatitis. Methods: This study included 90 children aged 2-48 months with atopic dermatitis. Skin prick tests for cow’s milk, hen’s egg, almond, potato and soybean were done. Serum specific IgE to 20 food allergens was also screened. Results: Among children with atopic dermatitis, the frequency of food sensitization was 40% by skin prick test and 51% by food-specific IgE. Children with atopic dermatitis were most commonly sensitized to cow’s milk (31%), hen’s egg (17.7%), tree nuts (17.7%), wheat (12.2%), potato (11.1%), tomato (8.8%) and peanut (8.8%). In 42 children with moderate to severe eczema, sensitivity to food allergens was 78.5% by skin prick test and 88% by serum specific IgE evaluation. Conclusion: Our results showed that cow’s milk, hen’s egg and tree nuts were the most common food allergens in Iranian children with atopic dermatitis. Sensitization to foods was much higher in patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. Determining specific IgE in children with atopic dermatitis can be helpful in managing these patients.
