Hanieh Mojtahedi; Nikoo Hossein-khannazer; Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi; Mina Masoudnia; Monireh Askarzadeh; Arash Khojasteh; Mandana Sattari
Abstract
Background: Periodontal diseases originate from a group of oral inflammatory infections initiated by oral pathogens. Among these pathogens, Gram-negative bacteria such as p. gingivalis play a major role in chronic periodontitis. P. gingivalis harbours lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which enables it to attach ...
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Background: Periodontal diseases originate from a group of oral inflammatory infections initiated by oral pathogens. Among these pathogens, Gram-negative bacteria such as p. gingivalis play a major role in chronic periodontitis. P. gingivalis harbours lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which enables it to attach to TLR2.Objectives: Evaluating the effects of P. gingivalis and E. coli LPS on the gene expression of TLRs and inflammatory cytokines in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).Methods: We evaluated the expression level of TLR2, TLR4, IL-6, IL-10, and 1L-18 in hDPSCs treated with 1μg/mL of P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide and E. coli LPS at three different exposure times using Real-time RT-PCR.Result: The test group treated with P. gingivalis LPS showed a high level of TLR4 expression in 24 hours exposure period and the lowest expression in 48 hours of exposure time. In the case of IL-10, the lowest expression was in the 24 hours exposure period. Although in the E.coli LPS treated group, IL-10 showed the highest expression in 24 and lowest in 48 hours exposure period. Moreover, IL-18 in P. gingivalis LPS treated group showed a significant difference between 6, 24, and 48-time periods of exposure, but not in the E. coli LPS treated group.Conclusion: Both types of LPS stimulate inflammation through TLR4 expression. P. gingivalis LPS performs more potentially than E. coli in terms of stimulating inflammation at the first 24 hours of exposure. Nevertheless, our study confirmed that increasing P. gingivalis and/or the E.coli LPS exposure time, despite acting as an inflammatory stimulator, apparently showed anti-inflammatory properties.
Sayed Mahdi Marashi; Shima Izadi; Seyed Reza Najafizadeh; Ahmad Nejati; Majid Teymoori-Rad; Shohreh Shahmahmoodi; Forough Golsaz-Shirazi; Fazel Shokri
Abstract
Background: Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disorder. While studying the pathogenesis of SLE is prevalent, both infectious and non-infectious elements are regarded to exert an important impact on the disease's development. Objective: To explore the overall status of EBV, ...
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Background: Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disorder. While studying the pathogenesis of SLE is prevalent, both infectious and non-infectious elements are regarded to exert an important impact on the disease's development. Objective: To explore the overall status of EBV, TLR7, TLR9, and IFN-α gene expression in 32 patients suffering from SLE and 32 healthy controls. Methods: Plasma and PBMCs were separated from fresh whole blood. To measure EBV DNA load and mRNA levels of IFN-a, TLR-7 and9 in PBMCs, molecular techniques were employed. The production of IFN-α, ds-DNA IgG antibody, and EBNA-1 IgG levels were also measured in plasma by ELISA. Results: SLE patients showed significantly higher EBV load (p=0.001) and transcriptional levels of TLR7 (p=0.0001), IFN-α (p=0.0001), and TLR9 (p=0.0001) than controls. Moreover, the plasma levels of IFN-α (p=0.0002) and EBNA-1specific IgG antibodies (p=0.01) were significantly higher in SLE patients. Conclusion: The results stressed on the potential role of EBV infection and TLRs in SLE patients although more research is needed to determine the global impact that EBV infection can have on immune signature in patients with SLE.
Morteza Hosseinzadeh; Mohsen Nafar; Pedram Ahmadpoor; Farshid Noorbakhsh; Mir Saeed Yekaninejad; Mohammad Hossein Niknam; Aliakbar Amirzargar
Volume 14, Issue 1 , March 2017, , Pages 24-34
Abstract
Background: The incidence of ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) in early phase post-transplantation and activation of toll-like receptor (TLR-2) and TLR-4 remarkably impact the outcome of a renal allograft. Objective: To investigate whether the expression of TLRs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ...
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Background: The incidence of ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) in early phase post-transplantation and activation of toll-like receptor (TLR-2) and TLR-4 remarkably impact the outcome of a renal allograft. Objective: To investigate whether the expression of TLRs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can predict the clinical outcome of kidney allografts. Methods: We obtained blood samples from 52 renal transplant patients before transplant, and 2, 90, and 180 days post-transplantation in order to analyze the surface expressions of TLR-2 and TLR-4 on peripheral blood monocytes. The expression patterns of TLR-2 and TLR-4 were compared between patients with graft dysfunction (GD) and those with well-functioning graft (WFG). Results: Significantly different mean dynamic changes in surface expression of TLR-2, according to percentage of TLR-2+ cells, between (the GD and WFG) groups existed at most time-points before and after renal transplantation (p=0.007) with the exception of day 2 post-transplantation. We observed significantly higher mean fluorescence intensities of TLR-2 and TLR-4 on CD14+ cells in the GD group compared to the WFG group. This finding was particularly observed 180 days post-transplantation (p=0.001). Based on TLR-2 and TLR-4 protein expression for each step, multiple logistic regression and ROC curve analysis revealed that an increase in CD14+ TLR-2+ monocytes within the 90 days post-transplantaton was associated with increased risk of GD at 180 and 365 days post-transplantation [odds ratio (OR)=1.27, p=0.005)]. Conclusion: Sequential monitoring of TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression patterns in peripheral blood monocytes appear to be prognostic and predictive biomarkers for early and late kidney allograft outcomes.