Qifen Mao; Peng Zhang; Weicui Qi; Yueping Xia; Tingting Chen; Xiaofang Li; Songquan Xu; Zhiqiang Zhong; Zuifei Shangguan
Abstract
Background: T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM3) is a regulatory molecule expressed on a variety of cell types, including CD3+ T cells. Few studies have been conducted to look into the correlation between TIM3 expression on peripheral T lymphocytes and post-stroke depression ...
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Background: T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM3) is a regulatory molecule expressed on a variety of cell types, including CD3+ T cells. Few studies have been conducted to look into the correlation between TIM3 expression on peripheral T lymphocytes and post-stroke depression (PSD).Objective: To investigate the relationship between TIM3 expressions on peripheral T lymphocytes in PSD patients.Methods: Acute stroke patients without depression (NPSD) (n=65), PSD patients (n=23), and body mass index (BMI), age, and education-matched healthy controls (HC) (n=59) were enrolled. Using flow cytometry, TIM3 expression was examined in the peripheral CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ T lymphocytes. Evaluation of the depressive severity in PSD patients was assessed using a 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-17). We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the serum concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-18. We further assessed the relationships between TIM3 expression, serum cytokine levels, and the HAM-D-17 scores.Results: CD3+ CD4+ T cells reduced significantly in PSD patients compared with the NPSD patients and HC. Both NPSD patients and PSD patients had a significant increase in TIM3 expression in their peripheral CD3+ CD4+ T lymphocytes, compared with HC. In PSD patients, a higher frequency of peripheral CD3+ CD8+ T lymphocytes showed significant expression of TIM3 compared to NPSD patients and HC. High TIM3 level on peripheral CD3+ CD8+ T lymphocytes was positively associated with the HAM-D score.Conclusion: Patients with PSD exhibit immune dysfunction. TIM3 might contribute to the development and severity of PSD, making it a potential therapeutic target.
Chao Li; Dexue Ma; Mingming Zhang; Liyan An; Chenchen Wu; Hongchao Zhou
Abstract
Background: Endotoxin, widely present in the living environment of humans and animals, leads to endotoxemia during a short period. However, the long-term effects of endotoxin on immune function are unclear. Objective: To determine the importance of long-term endotoxin treatment on function of immune ...
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Background: Endotoxin, widely present in the living environment of humans and animals, leads to endotoxemia during a short period. However, the long-term effects of endotoxin on immune function are unclear. Objective: To determine the importance of long-term endotoxin treatment on function of immune system. Methods: The mice were treated with different doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for a month; the collected samples were then analyzed in terms of value changes in hematological parameters, lymphocyte subtypes, and immunoglobulins level. Results: The number of monocytes (MONO) and neutrophils (NEU) in the three treatment groups was significantly lower than the control after 30 days. However, the proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes showed a rising trend in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and Peyer's patches (PPs) while the CD4+ T cell was reduced. At the same time, a decrease was observed in the percentage of CD19+CD38+ B lymphocytes. Interestingly, the change of lymphocytes in PPs was more significant than that in MLNs, suggesting that immune response in the PPs occurred before the MLNs. Consistent with the changes in B cells, the content of IgA and IgG showed a downward trend. Conclusion: Long-term exposure to low-dose endotoxin had little or no effect on the immune function of the body, suggesting that the endotoxin can be rapidly eliminated by the immune system. Nonetheless, the number of immune cells was reduced in the high-dose group. T- and B-lymphocytes were significantly reduced, resulting in a decrease in immunoglobulin level, and showing a significant immune suppression state.