ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Long-time Exposure to Lipopolysaccharide on Intestinal Lymph Node Immune Cells and Antibodies Level in Mice
Background: Endotoxin, widely present in the living environment of humans and animals, leads to endotoxemia during a short period. However, the long-term effects of endotoxin on immune function are unclear. Objective: To determine the importance of long-term endotoxin treatment on function of immune system. Methods: The mice were treated with different doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for a month; the collected samples were then analyzed in terms of value changes in hematological parameters, lymphocyte subtypes, and immunoglobulins level. Results: The number of monocytes (MONO) and neutrophils (NEU) in the three treatment groups was significantly lower than the control after 30 days. However, the proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes showed a rising trend in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and Peyer's patches (PPs) while the CD4+ T cell was reduced. At the same time, a decrease was observed in the percentage of CD19+CD38+ B lymphocytes. Interestingly, the change of lymphocytes in PPs was more significant than that in MLNs, suggesting that immune response in the PPs occurred before the MLNs. Consistent with the changes in B cells, the content of IgA and IgG showed a downward trend. Conclusion: Long-term exposure to low-dose endotoxin had little or no effect on the immune function of the body, suggesting that the endotoxin can be rapidly eliminated by the immune system. Nonetheless, the number of immune cells was reduced in the high-dose group. T- and B-lymphocytes were significantly reduced, resulting in a decrease in immunoglobulin level, and showing a significant immune suppression state.
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_46958_69b01babe04b604a2e8ab4d8cdd4df85.pdf
2020-09-01
175
184
10.22034/iji.2020.86313.1750
Blood Cells
B Lymphocyte
IgA
IgG
Lipopolysaccharide
T Lymphocyte
Chao
Li
lichao95515@163.com
1
Xinong street 22#
AUTHOR
Dexue
Ma
dexuema95@163.com
2
Xinong street 22#
AUTHOR
Mingming
Zhang
18646156259@163.com
3
Xinong street 22#
AUTHOR
Liyan
An
17865690520@163.com
4
Xinong street 22#
AUTHOR
Chenchen
Wu
wucen95888@163.com
5
Xinong street 22#
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hongchao
Zhou
dandan2niuniu@126.com
6
Xinong street 22#
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
IL-6 and IL-10 Closely Correlate with Bacterial Bloodstream Infection
Background: Given the high mortality of bacterial bloodstream infections (BSI), blood culture results do not meet clinical needs timely due to being time-consuming and having low positive rate. Whether we can identify the severity and type of bacterial infections by cytokines is a controversial issue. Objective: To investigate the dynamic change of cytokines in BSI. Methods: 55 patients with Gram-positive (GP) BSI, 64 patients with Gram-negative (GN) BSI and 52 healthy controls were enrolled. We quantitatively detected the cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) by flow cytometry in the sera. The levels of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, leukocytes and neutrophils were also detected simultaneously. Results: There were significantly up-regulated IL-6 and IL-10 expression in BSI patients, particularly in the GN-BSI, for instance Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae infections; following the treatment, IL-6 and IL-10 decreased by 10-23 and 4-27 times, respectively. Additionally, IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ expression increased slightly in BSI patients and IFN-γ expression declined as GN-BSI progressed. Conclusion: IL-6 and IL-10 are closely associated with the severity and treatment efficacy of BSI, and can help to distinguish between GP-BSI and GN-BSI at an early stage.
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_46962_000f003d5a96b4dd252250881615c30f.pdf
2020-09-30
185
203
10.22034/iji.2020.87266.1793
Bloodstream Infection
Cytokines
Gram-negative bacteria
IL-6
IL-10
Jingjing
Guan
1475043973@qq.com
1
Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
AUTHOR
Zhongyong
Wang
wangforever2000@163.com
2
Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
AUTHOR
Xiaoyuan
Liu
1377296295@qq.com
3
School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
AUTHOR
Yujie
Jiang
17857540523@163.com
4
Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
AUTHOR
Qiuqi
Gao
410465897@qq.com
5
Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
AUTHOR
Qing
Wu
wuqing830@163.com
6
Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
AUTHOR
Hong
Lu
luhonglisa@163.com
7
Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
AUTHOR
Lianfeng
Wu
75749783@qq.com
8
Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
AUTHOR
Zhuo
Zhang
zhuo-zh@sohu.com
9
Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
AUTHOR
Xiangyang
Lin
linxy1968@126.com
10
Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
LEAD_AUTHOR
Jingjing
Qian
qianjingjing1984@163.com
11
Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Variants in Intron 4 of PD-1 Gene are Associated with the Susceptibility to SLE in an Iranian Population
Background: Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a negative costimulatory molecule with immunomodulatory properties. Recently, PD-1 gene defects have attracted attention in the pathogenesis of SLE. Objective: Here, we assessed the association of PD-1 gene polymorphisms in intron 4 and haplotypes with the susceptibility to SLE. Method: Seventy-six SLE patients and 159 healthy controls were included. We screened the polymorphisms by amplifying the intron 4 of the PD-1 gene with the specific primers followed by sequencing. Results: Two distinct SNPs were identified (rs6705653 and rs41386439) within the intron 4 of the PD-1 gene. The AA genotype of +7499 (G/A) SNP was associated with the higher risk of SLE [OR=3.31, 95% CI (1.25-8.76), p-value=0.045], while A allele was identified as a risk allele [OR=1.75, 95% CI (1.10-2.76), p-value=0.015]. However, no significant association was observed between the allele and the genotype frequencies of +7209 (C/T) polymorphic region of the PD-1 gene and susceptibility to SLE. Haplotype analysis showed the significantly higher presence of H2 haplotype (AC; +7499/+7209) [OR=1.70, 95% CI (1.24-2.33), p-value=0.0012] in SLE patients. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the significant association of PD-1 +7499 (G/A) SNP with the SLE susceptibility and the first detection of both polymorphic loci in a population from Iran. However, more investigations are necessary to confirm these findings.
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_46965_5fd8b14698802160f077495a78b2aeeb.pdf
2020-09-30
204
214
10.22034/iji.2020.83046.1610
Intron 4
Iran
PDCD1
Polymorphism
systemic lupus Erythematosus
Yousef
Khanjari
yosef_khanjari@yahoo.com
1
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Morteza
Oladnabi
oladnabidozin@yahoo.com
2
Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Nafiseh
Abdollahi
n_abdolahi2002@yahoo.com
3
Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Heidari
ahmad.heidari@goums.ac.ir
4
Department of Research and Technology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Saeed
Mohammadi
s.mohammadi@goums.ac.ir
5
Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
Alijan
Tabarraei
tabarraei@goums.ac.ir
6
Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IR Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Association of rs11558471 in SLC30A8 Gene with Interleukin 17 Serum Levels and Insulin Resistance in Iranian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Background: Functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) gene may be key determinants of humoral autoreactivity to ZnT8. Objective: The present study is expected to provide new information on the association of rs11558471 in ZnT8 gene with IL-17 levels and insulin resistance in an Iranian population [a high-risk population for type 2 diabetes (T2D)]. Methods: A total of 133 patients with T2D and 128 control subjects were included. Insulin and IL-17 concentrations were determined using ELISA. Insulin and fasting glucose levels were used to determine homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The genetic analyses were performed by the restricted fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) after PCR amplification. Results: The risk allele frequency of rs11558471 in this Iranian population was among the highest in different populations. In T2D patients, compared with the GG genotypes, IL-17 concentrations were significantly higher in the GA+AA group (p= 0.042). According to the genotypes of this SNP, IL-17 concentrations, fasting glucose and HOMA-IR increased with the following order:GG
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_46968_4d9c8ffc39cbbd24d1e1f80896dac669.pdf
2020-09-30
215
225
10.22034/iji.2020.85513.1715
IL-17
Insulin Resistance
rs11558471
SLC30A8
Type 2 Diabetes
Mehran
Ahmadi
mehranahmadi999@yahoo.com
1
Department of Biochemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdolkarim
Mahrooz
amahrooz@mazums.ac.ir
2
Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saeid
Abediankenari
abedianlab@yahoo.co.uk
3
Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University Of medical Sciences, Sari, IRAN
AUTHOR
Nasim
Hayati Roodbari
s.alegh1380@gmail.com
4
Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Hereditary Angioedema Due to C1-Inhibitor Deficiency in Romania: First National Study, Diagnostic and Treatment Challenges
Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic potentially life-threatening disease characterized by episodic non-pruritic subcutaneous and submucosal edema attacks in different parts of the body. Objective: To assess the status of Romanian HAE patients after the recent introduction of a new therapy through a nationwide program. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included patients from the Romanian HAE Registry. Results: The study included 84 patients with HAE type I (91.7%) and type II (8.3%). The mean delay in diagnosis was 2.4 years in children and 16.7 years in adults (p=0.019). Stress and tiredness were the most frequent trigger factors. The majority of the HAE episodes involved subcutaneous (89.3%), abdominal (77.4%), genital (51.2%), facial (41.7%), and laryngeal (39.3%) symptoms during the preceding 12 months. One or several misdiagnoses were reported in 83.33% patients and 44.1 % of the patients were subjected to or proposed unnecessary surgery during abdominal episodes. Plasma-derived C1-INH (pdC1-INH) and recombinant C1-INH (rhC1-INH) were respectively used in 10 (11.9%) and 13 (15.5%) of the HAE patients for life-threatening attacks over the past 12 months. Fortythree (51.19%) patients practiced home treatment with subcutaneous injection of the bradykinin B2-receptor antagonist for acute HAE attacks. Conclusion: The significantly lower delay observed in children suggests an improvement in the awareness of C1-INH-HAE among physicians in recent years. The management of HAE in Romania has been somewhat enhanced as the majority of HAE patients have recently gained access to pdC1-INH, rhC1-INH, and bradykinin B2-receptor antagonist.
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_46969_a32c7ba11b67f3ec36aa0e583d6e5584.pdf
2020-09-01
226
235
10.22034/iji.2020.85416.1709
Angioedema
Diagnostic Errors
Hereditary
Romania
Gabriella
Gabos
gabriellagabos@yahoo.com
1
Lotus Life Clinic, Târgu Mureș, Romania
AUTHOR
Valentin
Nadasan
valentin.nadasan@umfst.ro
2
Romanian Network for Hereditary Angioedema; Department of Hygiene, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Eniko
Mihaly
mihalyenci@yahoo.com
3
Allergology and Immunology Department, Mures County Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania
AUTHOR
Daniela
Dobru
danidobru@gmail.com
4
Gastroenterology Department, Mures County Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania; Department of Internal Medicine VII, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Importance of MMP-8 in Salivary and Gingival Crevicular Fluids of Periodontitis Patients
Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) stimulate alveolar bone loss in chronic periodontitis. Objective: To evaluate the salivary and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of MMP-8 in patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis. Methods: 42 participants were divided into two groups: a case group (21 patients with generalized moderate to severe chronic periodontitis) and a control group (21 healthy periodontal subjects). GCF and saliva samples were obtained from both groups. Salivary and GCF MMP-8 levels of each subject were detected using the ELISA method. Results: Mean±SD values of salivary MMP-8 levels of the control and case groups were 1.52 ± 0.65 ng/ml and 6.06 ± 1.18 ng/ml, respectively, and statistically significant difference was observed (p=0.0001). Also, mean±SD values of GCF MMP-8 levels of the control and case groups were 0.87 ± 0.26 ng/ml and 2.92 ± 0.64 ng/ml, respectively; which was statistically significant (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate an increased concentration of salivary and GCF levels of MMP-8 in the patient group.
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_46970_a0fbe09d71edf5f0547cb7f73a84d0e0.pdf
2020-09-30
236
243
10.22034/iji.2020.81170.1512
Chronic periodontitis
Crevicular Fluid
Gingiva
Matrix metalloproteinase-8
Saliva
Kazem
Fatemi
fatemik@mums.ac.ir
1
Department of periodontology, Faculty of dentistry, Mashhad university of medical science, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Seyed Abdolrahim
Rezaee
rezaeer@mums.ac.ir
2
Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad , Iran.
AUTHOR
Seyed Ali
Banihashemrad
banihashema@mums.ac.ir
3
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Sanaz
Keyvanfar
sanaz.keyvanfar@gmail.com
4
Department of periodontology, faculty of dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. Dentistry Clinical Research Development Center, Birjand University of medical science, Birjand, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Meghdad
Eslami
meghdadeslami72@gmail.com
5
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Patient with CTLA-4 Haploinsufficiency with Multiple Autoimmune Presentations: A Case Report
Increased susceptibility to autoimmunity, malignancy, and allergy in addition to recurrent infections are the main characteristics suggesting for the primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID). CTLA-4 is predominantly expressed on activated and regulatory T-cells, which can bind to CD80/CD86 molecules on antigen-presenting cells as a negative regulator. Here, we describe a 24-year-old male born from consanguineous parents with heterozygous CTLA-4 mutation who presented with multiple autoimmune diseases. His past clinical history revealed alopecia areata atfour years old and subsequently, he developed Evans syndrome, type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, and chronic diarrhea while chronic rhinosinusitis and cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis were the only infectious manifestations. Immunologic investigations revealed: low B cell count, abnormal Lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and hypogammaglobulinemia. Although all available treatments such as Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy, immunosuppressive drugs, and antibiotic therapy were applied, diarrhea was not controlled due to colitis, which remained challenging. Whole exome sequencing was performed and the result showed heterozygous variant CHR2.204,735,635 G>A in the CTLA-4 gene, which was confirmed by the Sanger method. CTLA4 haploinsufficiency leads to autoimmune disorders, recurrent respiratory infections, hypogammaglobulinemia, lymphoproliferation with organ infiltration, and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease.
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_46971_5c854ff3136505f769a9e85367390b23.pdf
2020-09-01
244
249
10.22034/iji.2020.85641.1721
Abatacept
CTLA-4 Deficiency
Haploinsufficiency
immunodeficiency
Multiple Autoimmunities
Fatemeh
Zaremehrjardi
dr.fzare217@gmail.com
1
1- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Leila
Baniadam
dr.leilabaniadam@gmail.com
2
1- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Farhad
Seif
farhad.seif@outlook.com
3
Academic center for edication,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran
AUTHOR
Saba
Arshi
sabaarshi@yahoo.com
4
1- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohamad Hasan
Bemanian
mhbemanian@yahoo.com
5
Allergy department, Rasool e Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Sima
Shokri
dr.shokri83@gmail.com
6
1- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Afshin
Rezaeifar
afshinrezaeifar@gmail.com
7
1- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Morteza
Fallahpour
fallahpour.morteza@yahoo.com
8
Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Rasoul Akram Hospital, IUMS, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Nabavi
mnabavi@yahoo.com
9
1- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Plasmodium Vivax Malaria: Usual Illness with Dysregulated Immune Profile
Afebrile Plasmodium vivax disease is believed to be extremely rare; and so is the association of a secondary immune thrombocytopenia due to Plasmodiun vivax malaria. This is a case of malaria presenting in an atypical manner. A middle aged male (31 years) came with occasional bleeding around gums, small petechial haemorrhages over chest and abdomen, and blood in stools for a few months, but no fever. In addition, the cervical lymph nodes were slightly enlarged. Spleen was 3 cm below costal margin. Platelets were found to have markedly decreased with clusters of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. A possibility of Immune thrombocytopenic purpura was considered and immunoglobulin started intravenously, however platelet counts remained low. Later, in a follow up smear, trophozoites of P. vivax were discovered. Antimalarial drugs (Artesunate) were administrated for the patient along with IV immunoglobulins, to which he responded. It was revealed by flow cytometry that the ratio of helper to cytotoxic cells was reversed (0.9). This highlighted a rare case of afebrile malaria in association with immune dysregulation. Accordingly, malaria, though uncommon, could trigger immune thrombocytopenia.
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_46972_28135f9785222bc63c6b38ce0345991a.pdf
2020-09-30
250
254
10.22034/iji.2020.85891.1729
Afebrile
Immune thrombocytopenia
Plasmodium Vivax Malaria
Richa
Gupta
richagupta0209@gmail.com
1
University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sonali
Dixit
sonali21dixit@gmail.com
2
Senior Resident , Department of Pathology, UCMS and GTBH, delhi
AUTHOR
Neha
Garg
gargdoc118@gmail.com
3
department of pathology, UCMS and GTBH, Delhi, India
AUTHOR
Mrinalini
Kotru
mrinalinikotru@gmail.com
4
Professor, Department of pathology, UCMS and GTBH, Delhi, India
AUTHOR