2024-03-28T14:38:34Z
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=3231
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Iran.J.Immunol
1735-1383
1735-1383
2011
8
1
Expression of Chemokine Receptors on Th1/Th2 CD4+ Lymphocytes in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Alireza
Andalib
Hassan
Doulabi
Mohammadreza
Najafi
Mehdi
Tazhibi
Background: Th1 cells preferentially express CXCR3, CCR5 and CCR6, while CCR3 and CCR4 are predominantly expressed by Th2 cell subsets. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a Th1 cell-dependant chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, and immunomudolatory cytokines could alter the chemokine expression pattern of these lymphocyte subsets. Objective: This study was performed to measure chemokine receptor expression on CD4 T cells for evaluation of Th1/Th2 dominantly in IFN-β treated patients. Methods: flowcytometry was used to detect chemokine receptor expression on CD4 T cell population in PBMCs obtained from MS and healthy control groups. Twenty six MS patients participated in this study before and after IFN-β therapy and the same number of healthy individuals were included. Results: The percentage of lymphocytes was 41.28% ± 10.30 in the blood of MS group compared with 36.88% ± 5.51% in the control group (p=0.017). The CD4+CXCR3+ cells were 18.86% ± 8.46% in healthy group, 30.78% ± 9.8% in pre-treated MS patients and 21.06% ± 9.23% in posttreated group (p<0.001). The CD4+CCR4+ cell subsets were 27.35% ± 10.15% in healthy group; 28.17% ± 8.9% in pre-treated group and 34.20% ± 8.96% in the post- IFN-β treatment group. The subset of CD4+CCR4+ was found to be dominant after IFN- β therapy in comparison with the control group (p<0.001). CD4+CCR5+ percentage was 1.24% ± 0.92% in the healthy people, 1.23% ± 0.71% in the MS patients and 0.76% ± 0.49% in post-treatment status (p=0.003). CD4+CCR3+ cell subsets were 0.62% ± 0.67% in control group, 0.28% ± 0.26% in the MS patients (p=0.022) and 0.39% ± 0.54% in IFN-β treated patients (p=0.334). An association was found for CXCR3 expression in pre- and post- treatment status (r=0.840, p<0.001) as well as for CCR4+ expression (r=0.712, p<0.001) in the same groups. The Th1 response was dominant in pre-treatment states, and then it shifted to a Th2 dominant state after IFN-β treatment. Conclusion: We suggest that the chemokine receptor expression of Th1/Th2 cell subsets could be used for monitoring and the evaluation of the MS disease status.
Chemokine
Receptor
Multiple Sclerosis
IFN-β
Th1
Th2
2011
03
01
1
10
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_16882_1b8722daab9da19cfff1e38c8154f427.pdf
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Iran.J.Immunol
1735-1383
1735-1383
2011
8
1
Comparison of Neutrophil Apoptosis α-Defensins and Calprotectin in Children with and without Severe Early Childhood Caries
Lida
Toomarian
Mandana
Sattari
Nazanin
Hashemi
Nikoo
Tadayon
Alireza
Akbarzadeh Baghban
Background: The infectious nature of severe early-childhood caries (S-ECC) points to the possible participation of immunologic host responses including neutrophils and their antimicrobial products. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the neutrophil apoptosis, α-defensins (HNP1-3) and calprotectin levels in the saliva of preschool children and the association with S-ECC. Methods: Oral examinations were performed on 87 children aged 3-5 years and non stimulated whole saliva samples were collected. Thirty of these subjects were considered S-ECC children, 30 with moderate caries (MC) and 27 were caries free (CF). To detect apoptosis, cell staining was done with Annexin-V-Fluos and propidium iodide, and they were analyzed by fluorescent microscopy. The concentration of α-defensins and calprotectin were assessed using ELISA. Results: There were no statistical differences between groups considering the HNP1-3 or calprotectin salivary levels (p=0.06 and p=0.23, respectively). The HNP1-3 and calprotectin levels were negatively correlated and the correlation was significant in MC group (p=0.03). Lower levels of apoptotic neutrophils were obtained from CF subjects as compared with S-ECC children (p=0.03). Conclusions: Our findings establish that apoptotic mechanisms could be implicated in the immunity responses associated with S-ECC. We cannot yet
Severe Early Childhood Caries
apoptosis
α-Defensins
Calprotectin
Neutrophil
2011
03
01
11
19
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_16883_df7d94c02b21b9fd8dea20b26407bf25.pdf
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Iran.J.Immunol
1735-1383
1735-1383
2011
8
1
Effect of Surgical Flap on IL-1β and TGF-β Concentrations in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients with Moderate to Severe Chronic Periodontitis
Mandana
Sattari
Alireza
Fathiyeh
Fatemeh
Gholami
Hassan
Darbandi Tamijani
Mahdi
Ghatreh Samani
Background: Growth factors play a major part in wound healing in many tissues including the periodontium. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is one of these factors present in the gingival crevicular fluid. In addition, it is considered as one of the most important anti-inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-1β is a proinflammatory cytokine that presents itself in gingival inflammation and the GCF. Such factors might be of value as prognostic markers of wound healing activity and the therapeutic progress following flap surgery. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of surgical flap on the concentration of IL-1β and TGF-β in the GCF of patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis. Methods: The GCF samples were collected, using the Perio-Paper strip at phase 1 (pre-surgery), phase 2 (4th week post surgery) and phase 3 (12th week post surgery) from 20 sites of 10 patients undergoing flap surgery. After the elution, IL-1β and TGF-β concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The mean TGF-β and IL-1β concentration decreased from phase 1 to phase 3 (p<0.05). There were no significant statistical correlations between IL-1β and TGF-β1 concentrations in the 3 assessment phases. There was a significant statistical correlation between TGF-β1 concentrations and the Plaque Index (PI) in phase 2 (p<0.05). There was a significant statistical correlation (p<0.05) between IL-1β and TGF-β1 concentration and the probing pocket depth (PPD). Conclusion: The flap surgery has a significant effect on decreasing IL-1β concentration. In the case of TGF-β1, probably the decrease in the concentration after treatment might be due to the removal of the inflammatory stimulants.
Periodontitis
Periodontal Surgical Therapy
Cytokine
IL-1β
TGF-β
2011
03
01
20
26
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_16884_1b2d4c5c582b6933b05f63e10db75ea9.pdf
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Iran.J.Immunol
1735-1383
1735-1383
2011
8
1
Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity of oxLDL in Patients with Atherosclerosis
Mohammad Jafar
Mahmoudi
Maryam
Mahmoudi
Fereydoon
Siassi
Fazel
Shokri
Mohammad Reza
Eshraghian
Amir Hassan
Zamani
Reza
Chahardoli
Mona
Hedayat
Jalal
Khoshnoodi
Hashem
Nayeri
Nima
Rezaei
Ali-Akbar
Saboor-Yaraghi
Background: Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the vessel wall is characterized by local and systemic immune responses to a variety of antigens. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is considered as an important determining factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) vulnerability to in vitro oxLDL-induced cytotoxicity from atherosclerotic patients in comparison to healthy individuals. Methods: Thirty patients with atherosclerotic lesions, confirmed by angiography, and 30 matched healthy individuals were investigated. PBMC was prepared from individuals' blood samples which were further stimulated with low dose (1 μg/mL) and high dose (50 μg/mL) of extensively oxidized LDL. MTT assay was utilized to measure cell viability and proliferation. Stimulation index (SI) was calculated as mean ratio of optical density (OD) of the stimulated cells divided by OD of untreated cells. Results: Low dose oxLDL treatment caused no significant proliferative or cytotoxic effect in the control group; however, similar treatment caused significant cytotoxic effect in the patient group compared to the controls (p=0.026). High dose oxLDL treatment induced more significant cytotoxicity in the patient compared to the control group (p=0.006). Comparison of the SI between the two groups of patients and controls showed significantly lower index by either the low (p=0.03) or the high dose (p<0.001) oxLDL in the patients compared to the controls. Conclusions: PBMC from patients with atherosclerosis showed increased susceptibility to oxLDL-induced cytotoxicity. Our results imply that prolonged exposure to elevated levels of circulating oxLDL could weaken the cellular defense mechanisms by progressive depletion of the pool of antiapoptotic proteins, rendering the cells more vulnerable to oxLDL-induced cell death.
Atherosclerosis
Cytotoxicity
oxLDL
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
2011
03
01
27
33
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_16885_2e3e37ed1348e6c74567cf171fef6c26.pdf
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Iran.J.Immunol
1735-1383
1735-1383
2011
8
1
High Serum Levels of Rheumatoid Factor and Anti-Phosphatidylserine Antibody in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease
Abdollah
Jafarzadeh
Masoud
Poorgholami
Maryam
Nemati
Mohammad-Taghi
Rezayati
Background: Immunopathological and inflammatory processes play important roles in the initiation and development of Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD). Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of several autoantibodies including rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (anti-Sm), anti-phosphatidylserine (anti-PS) and anti-cardiolipin (anti-CL) antibodies in patients with IHD. Methods: A total of 120 patients with IHD with acute myocardial infarction (AMI; n=60) or unstable angina (UA; n=60) and 60 sex- and age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Serum samples of participants were tested for the ANA, anti-Sm, anti-PS and anti-CL antibodies by ELISA. Serum level of RF was measured by a turbidometric method. Results: The mean serum levels of RF and anti-PS antibodies in AMI group and UA group were significantly higher than those observed in the control group (p<0.0001). The mean serum levels of RF and anti-PS antibodies in AMI patients were significantly higher than the UA group (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). The mean serum levels of RF in men with AMI or UA diseases were significantly higher as compared to healthy control men (p<0.0001 and p<0.003, respectively). The differences of the serum levels of ANA, anti-Sm and anti-CL antibodies were not significant between AMI, UA and the control groups. There was no difference in the serum levels of RF, ANA, anti-Sm, anti-PS or anti-CL antibodies in patients with traditional risk factors, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and smoking, and those without a certain risk factor. Conclusion: Higher serum levels of RF and anti-PS antibody in patients with IHD may be considered as independent risk factors for IHD.
Anti-Nuclear Antibody
Angina
myocardial infarction
Rheumatoid Factor
Unstable
2011
03
01
34
44
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_16886_347535fd201dd32895e261b0db7e5a6d.pdf
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Iran.J.Immunol
1735-1383
1735-1383
2011
8
1
Immunotherapy with Imiquimod Increases the Efficacy of Glucantime Therapy of Leishmania major Infection
Ghader
Khalili
Faramarz
Dobakhti
Hamid
Mahmoudzadeh Niknam
Vahid
Khaze
Fatemeh
Partovi
Background: Leishmaniasis is a complex disease which presents as visceral, cutaneous and mucocutaneous forms. The current treatment options for this infection are very limited and the immunological state of the host appears to play an important role in the efficacy of the treatment. Immunostimulation through immune response activating agents such as Imiquimod is another rational approach for this purpose. Objective: We assessed the efficacy of immunotherapy with Imiquimod alone or combined with Glucantime for treatment of Leishmania major infection in BALB/c mice. Methods: Treatment efficacy was monitored by determination of thickness and parasite load of infected footpad of mice. Results: The footpad thickness revealed that treatment with Imiquimod plus Glucantime has the highest efficacy. The results were confirmed by parasite load of infected footpad. Our data shows that treatment of Leishmania major infection in BALB/c mice by the combined Imiquimod and Glucantime is more efficient than each drug alone. Conclusion: The combination of Imiquimod with chemotherapy may offer a way for more efficient treatment of leishmaniasis.
BALB/c Mice
glucantime
Imiquimod
Leishmania Major
2011
03
01
45
51
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_16887_3b35e6ff85ddc545780663851ffad383.pdf
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Iran.J.Immunol
1735-1383
1735-1383
2011
8
1
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Roya
Sherkat
Kamyar
Mostafavizadeh
Lale
Zeydabadi
Parisa
Shoaei
Sodabeh
Rostami
Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Infection with this bacterium is known to induce the development of autoantibodies of which a few are also known to be diagnostic markers for some other diseases. Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA's) are among those autoantibodies used in clinical setting for diagnosing systemic vasculitic syndromes. Multiple studies investigated ANCA positivity in diseases other than small vessel vasculitis. Objective: This study was performed to determine the prevalence of ANCA in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) which may lead to the false diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) or vice versa. Methods: In a case-control study, 32 consecutive smear positive pulmonary TB patients and 32 normal individuals were studied. All cases and controls were screened for ANCA by indirect immunofluorescent assay (IIF), and MPO and PR3 were also tested by ELISA. Results: A prenuclear pattern (PANCA) was detected in 25% of the cases and 6.25% of the controls and a cytoplasmic pattern (C-ANCA) was deserved in 3.1% of both the cases and the controls by IIF assay. ANCA specificities tested by ELISA in cases revealed that 75% of the cases had anti-MPO and 12.5% had anti-PR3, while in the in controls, 3.12% had anti-MPO and none had anti-PR3. The positive ANCA significantly correlated with TB (p<0.01). Conclusion: ANCA's may be observed in both TB and systemic vasculitic syndromes such as WG. Tuberculosis and WG share some clinical features. Therefore, in countries with a high prevalence of TB, one has to distinguish between these two diseases especially when no sign of extrapulmonary involvement is observed.
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody
Myloperoxidase Antibody
2011
03
01
52
57
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_16888_c64f9339bd2072206ef9c6adf4634098.pdf
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Iran.J.Immunol
1735-1383
1735-1383
2011
8
1
Anti-S Alloantibody Underlying Pan Agglutinating Autoantibody in a Patient of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Sangeeta
Pahuja
Neha
Sethi
Anil
Gurtoo
Arun Kumar
Pande
Priyanka
Chaudhary
Manjula
Jain
2011
03
01
58
63
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_16889_6668f7d002f965d31783f2cbb2ba25e2.pdf
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Iran.J.Immunol
1735-1383
1735-1383
2011
8
1
Thanks to Our Peer-Reviewers in 2010
2011
03
01
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_32935_5c42d115fdabecb056e7927130f74e50.pdf