2024-03-29T12:47:38Z
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=3244
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Iran.J.Immunol
1735-1383
1735-1383
2011
8
4
Th1 and Th2 Cytokine Profiles in Malignant Pleural Effusion
Mohammad Ali
Ghayumi
Zahra
Mojtahedi
Mohammad Javad
Fattahi
Background: The alteration of Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels is the subject of controversy in pleural effusions caused by malignancy, a situation that favors a Th2 immune response. Objective: To examine the different levels of IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2 cytokines), and IL-2 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (Th1 cytokines) in malignant and non-malignant pleural effusions. Method: The cytokine levels in pleural fluid of 62 patients with malignant pleural effusion (44 with lung cancer and 18 with extrathoracic tumors), 8 with tuberculous and 8 with congestive heart failure pleural effusion were analysed using enzymelinked immunosorbent assays. Results: IL-2 was below the detectable concentration of the assay. A significant decrease in IFN-γ level was observed in malignant but not in congestive heart failure cases compared to tuberculous cases. IL-10 levels were higher in malignant and tuberculous pleural effusions than in congestive heart failure pleural effusions, however, this difference did not reach the significant level. IL-4 levels were also increased non-significantly in lung cancer pleural effusions compared to the other groups. Conclusion: Our results show a wide variation in IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ levels in malignant pleural effusions, a pattern which was not convincing enough to differentiate the cause of effusion.
IFN-γ
IL-4
Lung Cancer
Pleural Effusion
2011
12
01
195
200
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17026_139f99792449cf587d5584b1137c7af2.pdf
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Iran.J.Immunol
1735-1383
1735-1383
2011
8
4
Cytokine Profile in the Endometrium of Normal Fertile and Women with Repeated Implantation Failure
Samira
Rajaei
Amir Hassan
Zamani
Mahmood
Jeddi-Tehrani
Maryam
Tavakoli
Afsaneh
Mohammadzadeh
Ali
Dabbagh
Mahroo
Mirahmadian
Background: Repeated Implantation Failure (RIF) is one of the most intricate obstacles in assisted reproduction. The cytokine and chemokine composition of uterine cavity seem to play important roles in the implantation process. Objective: To compare the cytokine profile in the endometrium of normal fertile women and those with repeated implantation failure. Methods: After enzymatic digestion of endometrial tissues, whole endometrial cells and endometrial stromal cells from RIF and normal fertile women were cultivated and stimulated for cytokine secretion. The levels of IL-10, TGF-β, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-17 in culture supernatants of the two groups were assayed by ELISA and compared together. Results: Endometrial stromal cells and whole endometrial cells of normal fertile women produced higher levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TGF-β compared to RIF group, although this difference was statistically significant only in endometrial stromal cells (p=0.005, 0.002 and 0.001, respectively). In addition, endometrial stromal cells of normal fertile women produced lower levels of IL-10 in comparison with RIF group (p=0.005). Conclusion: Disturbances in cytokine production at the feto-maternal interface could be a cause of implantation failure. A pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu seems to be pivotal for successful implantation.
Cytokine
Endometrium
Implantation
Stromal Cells
2011
12
01
201
208
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17027_fc36f43feae147885927ccef4e6d3443.pdf
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Iran.J.Immunol
1735-1383
1735-1383
2011
8
4
IL-4 Can Inhibit IL-17 Production in Collagen Induced Arthritis
Siamak Sandoghchian
Shotorbani
Yue
Zhang
Samuel Essien
Baidoo
Huaxi
Xu
Mohammad
Ahmadi
Background: IL-4 is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells into Th2 cells. Once activated by IL-4, Th2 cells subsequently produce additional IL-4. Objective: To examine the effect of IL-4 on IL-17 production and its effect in Collagen- Induced Arthritis (CIA) mice. Method: In this study, a chicken collagen-II-induced experimental arthritis (CIA) model was used in DBA/1 mice to investigate the relationship between IL-4 and IL-17 as well as other inflammatory factors. On the 38th day after the mice were induced with CIA, the expression of IL-17 and IL-4 as well as IFN-γ and IL-13 in sera of the mice was measured by QRT-PCR and ELISA. Result: The result of QRT-PCR analysis of IL-17 and IL-4 mRNA levels in the spleen showed that IL-17 is increased significantly at the onset of CIA in the spleen (p<0.01). Meanwhile, IL-17 is generally reduced at the peak of CIA but IL-4 is increased significantly at this peak in the spleen (p<0.05) when the weight of the animal was taken into consideration. Conclusion: IL-4 can be involved in the production of IL-17 at especially the peak of CIA. These results imply that the inhibition of IL-17 may decrease the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 production which will result in the aggravation of arthritis.
CIA
IL-4
IL-17
2011
12
01
209
217
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17028_e604cbf7310ade6771bb53dd36fd405b.pdf
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Iran.J.Immunol
1735-1383
1735-1383
2011
8
4
FOXP3 and TGF-β Gene Polymorphisms in Allergic Rhinitis
Haddi
Hassannia
Saeid
Abediankenari
Javad
Ghaffari
Background: Regulatory CD4+T (Treg) cells are effective in maintaining immune tolerance. Objective: To investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Transforming Growth Factor β-1 (TGF-β1) and Forkhead Box Protein 3 (FOXP3) genes in Iranian patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods: Variations at codons 10 and 25 of TGF-β1 and FOXP3 at positions -3279 A>C and -924 A>G were evaluated in AR patients and compared with controls. In a case-control study, 155 AR patients and 163 allergy- free controls were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) technique. Results: The analysis of the frequency of these SNPs showed that the haplotype formed by FOXP3 -3279 A allele occurred significantly more frequently in patients than controls (odds ratio=1.44, 95% CI=1.312-2.66; p=0.001). Conclusion: Our results suggest that polymorphism in FOXP3 gene is associated with susceptibility to AR.
Allergic Rhinitis
FOXP3
gene polymorphisms
TGF-β
2011
12
01
218
225
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17029_35de1f5c9f30e38c9b21c3a33fed0d11.pdf
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Iran.J.Immunol
1735-1383
1735-1383
2011
8
4
Immunoinhibitory Effect of Teuclatriol a Guaiane Sesquiterpene from Salvia mirzayanii
Akram
Ziaei
Zahra
Amirghofran
Josef
Zapp
Mohammad
Ramezani
Background: Salvia mirzayanii, a native plant to Iran, is shown to have immunomodulatory effects on lymphocyte proliferation. Objective: To identify the bioactive immunomodulatory compound(s) present in S. mirzayanii. Methods: The crude extract was fractionated to five fractions in two steps using different solvents. The fractions were subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation. All the fractions were tested for bioactivity on human activated-peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) using cell proliferation assay. Results: The methanol fraction (Fr. M) showed the highest inhibitory effect on PBLs compared to other fractions. Fr. M was applied on a gravity column chromatography for further fractionation. Resultant fractions, demonstrated inhibitory effects at higher concentrations. Fr. 4 with an 18.9 ± 0.2% inhibitory activity at 200 μg/ml and with the highest quantity was applied on preparative TLC plates for further purification. The final purified compound was identified as teuclatriol, a guaiane sesquiterpene, by NMR analysis. This compound showed a significant anti-proliferative effect on human activated- peripheral blood lymphocytes (IC50, 72.8 ± 5.4 μg/ml). Conclusion: Teuclatriol was found to be one of the compounds responsible for the immunoinhibitory effect of Salvia mirzayanii. We suggest further studies on teuclatriol, exploring its mechanism of action as an immunomodulatory compound.
Immunomodulatory
Salvia mirzayanii
Sesquiterpenes
2011
12
01
226
235
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17030_d1ee180bd7518a26a0bc9248b1bc546b.pdf
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Iran.J.Immunol
1735-1383
1735-1383
2011
8
4
Immune Responses to Antigens of in vitro Reared Echinococcus granulosus Adult Worms in Balb/c Mice
Hamid Reza
Rahimi
Bahador
Sarkari
Tahereh
Mohammadzadeh
Seyed Mahmoud
Sadjjadi
Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE), also known as echinococcosis/hydatidosis, is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world. It enhances both humoral and cellular (Th1 and Th2) responses in infected host. Different antigens of the worm may favor the Th1 or Th2 immune responses in CE patients. Objective: To evaluate the humoral and cellular immune responses of Balb/c mice against the crude and excretory/ secretory (E/S) antigens of in vitro reared Echinococcus granulosus adult worms. Methods: A total of 20 Balb/c mice divided into 5 groups of 4 mice each. Three groups of mice (n=4) were immunized with crude, E/S and an immunodominant antigen of in vitro reared Echinococcus granulosus adult worms on day 1 and 28. The fourth and the fifth groups were negative control groups and received PBS plus adjuvant, or nothing, respectively. Two weeks after the second injection, the mice were killed and their blood was collected for determining antibody responses, and their spleens were employed for proliferation assay. Total IgG were measured by indirect ELISA. Spleen cells of immunized mice were cultivated and exposed to different antigens of adult worms including E/S and crude antigens. Level of IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-4 and IL-10 were measured in the recovered cell culture supernatants by capture ELISA. Results: Total IgG assay showed the highest level of antibody produced in mice immunized with crude antigens. Proliferation assay showed a statistically significant production of cytokines in the mice immunized with crude antigens (p<0.05). The highest levels of IFN-γ, IL12 and IL-4 were produced in mice immunized with crude antigen of the in vitro reared Echinococcus granulosus adult worms followed by E/S antigens. Immunodomonant antigen induced the lowest levels of cytokines (IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10) in immunized mice. Conclusion: A significant levels of Th1 related cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-12) were produced in Balb/c mice immunized with crude antigen of the in vitro reared Echinococcus granulosus adult worms.
Antigen
Echinococcus granulosus
Excretory
mice
2011
12
01
236
243
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17031_97dc7edfcdc796684b687111dd319d2e.pdf
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Iran.J.Immunol
1735-1383
1735-1383
2011
8
4
A Leishmania infantum FML-ELISA for the Detection of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Endemic Area of Iran
Behnam
Mohammadi-Ghalehbin
Gholam Reza
Hatam
Bahador
Sarkari
Mehdi
Mohebali
Zabih
Zarei
Mansoureh
Jaberipour
Shahab
Bohlouli
Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by Leishmania infantum in Mediterranean basin and is an endemic disease in some parts of Iran. Canines are the main reservoirs of VL in most of the endemic areas. Different serological methods have been introduced for diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Objective: In this survey a Fucose-Mannose Ligand (FML) ELISA, using native L. infantum antigen, was developed and its validity for detection of infected dogs in comparison with direct agglutination test (DAT) and PCR was evaluated. Methods: Blood samples of sixty ownership dogs (≤ 3 years old) were collected from Meshkin-shahr district in Ardabil province, North-west of Iran. Sera were separated for serological assays (DAT and FMLELISA) and the buffy coats were collected for molecular evaluation. Results: Two out of the 60 (3.33%) samples were found to be positive (antibody titer of ≥ 1/320) in DAT while seven of the 60 (11.66%) samples were positive by FML-ELISA. Nine out of 60 (15%) buffy coat samples showed a band about 680 bp indicative of L. infantum in PCR. Three out of 60 dogs had Kala-azar symptoms and were positive by PCR and FML-ELISA, while two of these three dogs had antibody titers >1/320 in their serum samples. The sensitivity and specificity of FML-ELISA for the detection of CVL in both symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs were found to be 77.8% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: Considering the acceptable sensitivity and high specificity of FMLELISA, use of this serological method can be recommended for epidemiological surveys of CVL.
Canine
DAT
ELISA
Iran
PCR
visceral leishmaniasis
2011
12
01
244
250
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17032_baa5670e95bdf901f84f71f5f4804697.pdf
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Iran.J.Immunol
1735-1383
1735-1383
2011
8
4
IgG Avidity Test for the Diagnosis of Acute Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Early
Shabnam
Pour Abolghasem
Mohammad Reza
Bonyadi
Zohre
Babaloo
Abolfazl
Porhasan
Behroz
Nagili
Omid Ali
Gardashkhani
Parviz
Salehi
Mohammad
Hashemi
Mojtaba
Varshoghi
Gafar Olade
Gaffari
Background: Toxoplasmosis is well known as an important infection in pregnant women. Although many serologic methods are available, diagnosis of early Toxoplasmosis may be extremely difficult. Objective: To detect the Toxoplasma IgG antibodies developed at the early stage of infection in pregnant women. Methods: 225 pregnant women, who were in the 2nd to 4th month of their pregnancy, enrolled in this study. Anti-toxoplasma IgG, IgM and IgG avidity were evaluated by ELISA method. Results: The patients were categorized into three groups as follows: Group A, 124 cases; IgG+, IgM+, 55.1%; group B, 99 cases; IgG+, IgM-, 44%; and group C, 2 cases; IgG -, IgM +, 0.9%. Fifty five percent of the pregnant women had positive IgG and IgM among which 7.1% had low avidity which revealed an active infection in the pregnant women. In the current study, 44% of pregnant women had positive IgG and negative IgM, all of which had high avidity, which is an indication that in our population the level of toxoplasmosis infection is high and most women have had contacts with this parasite before pregnancy. Conclusion: In this study, the low avidity test was 7.1% showing that the occurrence of toxoplasmosis infection is still a serious issue. Observation of 45.8% high avidity among group A suggests that either IgM has a high half-life or there is a false positive IgM as a result of rheumatologic disorders. Therefore, avidity test is important in predicting maternal toxoplasmosis which is of value in disease treatment.
Acute Toxoplasmosis
Avidity
IgG
IgM
Pregnancy
2011
12
01
251
255
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17033_8aabb48d63bd9d008c1d70d8acd41105.pdf