2024-03-29T14:50:23Z
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=3263
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Iran.J.Immunol
1735-1383
1735-1383
2007
4
2
Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors Influence the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses
Raja
Rajalingam
Natural killer (NK) cells are a subset of lymphocytes which play a crucial role in early innate immune response against infection and tumor transformation. Furthermore, they secrete interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) prompting adaptive immu-nity. NK cells distinguish the unhealthy cells from the healthy ones through an array of cell-surface receptors. Human NK cells use inhibitory and activating killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIR) as primary probe to discriminate between healthy and unhealthy cells. The inhibitory KIRs recognize HLA class I molecules and trigger signals that stop NK killing. The activating KIRs are believed to recognize the determinants associated with infections and tumors, and trigger signals that activate NK killing. Therefore, the effec-tor function of a given NK cell depends upon the receptors that it expresses and ligands that it recognizes on the targets. Genes encoding KIRs and HLA ligands are located on different chromosomes, and vary in number and type. The independent segregation of KIR and HLA genes results in variable KIR-HLA combinations in individuals, which may determine the individual’s immunity and susceptibility to disease.
NK Cells
innate immunity
HLA
KIR
Polymorphism
2007
06
01
61
78
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17182_86101213bf09537e316187563f6698b9.pdf
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Iran.J.Immunol
1735-1383
1735-1383
2007
4
2
Positional Relationship between Natural Killer Cells and Distribution of Sympathetic Nerves in Decidualized Mouse Uterus
Abdolkarim
Sheikhi
Hossein B.
Ganji
Razieh
Sheikhi
Background: Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells are the most abundant leukocytes in pre-implantation endometrium and early pregnancy deciduas in humans and rodents. They are associated with structural changes in maternal spiral arteries but regulation of their re-cruitment and activation is incompletely understood. The major subpopulation of uNK cells in humans expresses CD56, the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)-1 while their counterpart in mouse expresses asialoGM1, a brain ganglioside. Sympathetic nerves ex-press NCAM-1 which mediates homotypic binding. Sympathetic fibers innervate the me-sometrial vasculature but their relationship to the myometrial and decidual uNK cell re-cruitment is unknown. Objective: The present study aims to explore positional relation-ship between natural killer cells and distribution of nerves in decidualized mouse uterus. Methods: Immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression for the enzyme tyrosine hy-droxylase were used to map sympathetic nerve fibre distribution within C57BL/6 implan-tation sites and to address a relationship with uNK cells. Results: Tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons were identified in the mesometrium closely associated with uterine arter-ies. Staining became gradually vanished as the nerves crossed the myometrium and en-tered the decidualized uterus. No neuronal stain was associated with the spiral arteries. Periodic Acid Schiff’s reactive uNK cells were absent from the mesentery, but abundant in decidua basalis where they are associated with non-innervated vessels. Conclusion: Data suggest that the recruitment of uNK progenitor cells to the uterus is unlikely to be dependent on signaling by the sympathetic nervous system
Uterine NK cell
Deciduas
Spiral Artery
Tyrosine Hydroxylase
Sympathetic Nerves
2007
06
01
79
84
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17183_a4fcce60cf3fab3c619f3b61fa0b5952.pdf
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Iran.J.Immunol
1735-1383
1735-1383
2007
4
2
HLA class II Genetic Diversity in Arabs and Jews of Iran
Shirin
Farjadian
Abbas
Ghaderi
Background: Anthropological studies based on highly polymorphic HLA genes pro-vide useful information for bone marrow donor registry, forensic medicine, disease as-sociation studies, as well as designing peptide vaccines against tumors, and infectious or autoimmune diseases. Objective: This study was designed to investigate the genetic relationship of Iranian Arabs and Jews using HLA-class II genetic diversity Methods: HLA-DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 allele frequencies and haplotypes were determined in 134 Iranian Arabs from two different communities and 91 Iranian Jews using PCR/RFLP and PCR/SSP methods. Results: Neighbor-joining analyses showed a closer genetic relationship between Iranian Arabs and Iranian Jews than between either Iranian Arabs and Middle Eastern Arabs or Iranian Jews and other Jews. The results of AMOVA test also revealed no significant difference between these populations and other Iranians. Conclusion: It seems that, Iranian Arabs are originally from the Iranian gene pool and speak Arabic due to their encounter with Arabs. Iranian gene flow to im-migrant Jews followed by their expansion in this country may also explain the close ge-netic relationship among different Iranian ethnic groups.
HLA polymorphism
Arabs
Jews
Iran
2007
06
01
85
93
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17184_c35f9f06a83fefdcb1917bf7e13f850b.pdf
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Iran.J.Immunol
1735-1383
1735-1383
2007
4
2
Association between HLA-DRB1*01 and HLA-Cw*08 and Outcome Following HTLV-I Infection
Houshang
Rafatpanah
Vera
Pravica
Reza
FaridHosseini
Abbas
Tabatabaei
Wiliam
Ollier
Kay
Poulton
Wendy
Thomson
Ian
Hutchinson
Background: Human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopa-thy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is an inflammatory disease which occurs in less than 2% of HTLV-I -infected individuals. High proviral load, high HTLV-I-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte frequency (CTL) and host genetic factors such as HLA all appear to be associated with HTLV-I infection. Previous studies have shown that HLA-DRB1*01 increases the risk of HAM/TSP in Japanese HTLV-I infected individu-als. Objective: To investigate the association between HLA class II DRB1 alleles and HLA class I alleles (HLA-Cw*08, B54, A*02 and A-30) in HTLV-I infected individu-als in Mashhad. Methods: Here we determined the frequency of HLA class II DRB1, using INNO-LIPA reverse hybridization line probe assay, and HLA class I alleles (HLA-Cw*08,B54, A*02 and A-30) by PCR-SSCP method in healthy controls, HAM/TSP patients and HTLV-I infected individuals born and resident in Mashhad. Results: The frequency of HLA-DRB1*01 alleles in this population was different from other areas of Iran. The frequency of HLA-DRB1*01 was significantly increased in HAM/TSP patients compared with carriers (p 0.028; OR=9.4). The frequency of HLA-Cw*08 was also significantly increased in HAM/TSP patients compared with controls (p=0.03; OR=13.5). Conclusion: Our results may suggest that possession of HLA-DRB1*01 increases the risk of HAM/TSP in HTLV-I-infected individuals and HLA-Cw*08 correlates with low CTL immune response in HAM/TSP patients.
HLA
HTLV-I
HAM/TSP
2007
06
01
94
100
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17185_764018dea39fefd7984b89181857062f.pdf
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Iran.J.Immunol
1735-1383
1735-1383
2007
4
2
Immunogenicity of a Triple Diphtheria-Tetanus-Whole Cell Pertussis Vaccine in Iranian Preschool Children
Saeed
Zarei
Mahmood
Jeddi-Tehrani
Mohammad Mehdi
Akhondi
Hojjat
Zeraati
Tahere
Kheirkhah
Morteza
Ghazanfari
Fazel
Shokri
Background: Immunization against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis has been applied in Iran since 1950. WHO suggests periodical evaluation of effectiveness of the triple diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis (DTwP) vaccine, worldwide. Objectives: To determine the immunogenicity of locally manufactured DTwP vaccine administered to preschool children in a number of health centers of Tehran in 2006. Methods: In this prospective study, 350 children aged 4-6 years were injected with DTwP vaccine manu-factured by Razi Institute of Iran. Blood samples were collected before and 2-4 weeks after the vaccination. The immunogenicity of the vaccine was assayed by measurement of specific antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results: Of the 337 children who were vaccinated, 99.4% and 100% had protective anti-diphtheria and anti-tetanus antibody titers, respectively. The vaccine response and seroconversion for pertussis was achieved in 70.3% of the subjects. The geometric mean titers (GMT) of the antibodies produced against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis by DTwP vaccine were 7.76, 9.37 IU/ml and 30.20 EU/ml after booster vaccine dose, respectively. Conclusions: Comparison of the results obtained from this study with those of previous studies performed in other countries reveals that immunogenicity of diphtheria and tetanus components is similar to other vaccines, but the immunogenicity of pertussis vaccine was less efficient. The lower immunogenicity of DTwP against pertussis may be related to the bacterial strain used or the formulation protocol adopted for the vaccine preparation.
Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine
Immunization
ELISA
2007
06
01
101
109
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17186_f15fd0db651386b1df873859fa562f0d.pdf
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Iran.J.Immunol
1735-1383
1735-1383
2007
4
2
Sex Hormones and Peripheral White Blood Cell Subsets in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients
Maryam
Rastin
Mohammad Reza
Hatef
Nafise
Tabasi
Akram
Sheikh
Javid Morad
Abbasi
Mahmoud
Mahmoudi
Background: Systemic Lupus Eyrythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease charac-terized by antibodies to nuclear antigens, particularly anti-dsDNA. Imbalance between production and destruction of immune cells causes cytopenia. Sex hormones have im-munomodulatory effects; estrogen increases the production of autoantibodies in SLE prone NZB/NZW mice. Objective: To investigate the relationship between sex hor-mones, anti-dsDNA, and lymphocyte subsets in Iranian patients with SLE. Methods: 38 SLE patients (28 females and 10 males) meeting 4 of 11 ACR revised criteria for SLE classification, and 20 age and sex matched healthy individuals (10 females and 10 males) participated in this study. Lymphocyte subsets were analyzed using flow cy-tometric analysis. Serum anti-dsDNA levels and sex hormones concentrations were de-termined using commercial ELISA and RIA kits, respectively. Results: The absolute count of white blood cells, lymphocytes, T lymphocytes (CD3+), T helper cells (CD3+CD4+), B cells (CD19+) and Nk cells (CD3- CD16+CD56+) in SLE patients di-minished significantly in comparison to control group (p<0.05). IgG anti-dsDNA anti-body levels were significantly higher in patients compared to controls as expected (p<0.05). Prolactin increased significantly, while DHEAS showed a significant decrease in SLE patients compared with the controls (p<0.05), however the level of estrogen did not have any significant difference in SLE patients in comparison to controls. Conclusion: Increased concentration of prolactin together with a simultaneous decrease in serum DHEAS in SLE patients are associated with anti-dsDNA elevation and a decrease in almost all lymphocyte subsets.
SLE
Anti-dsDNA
Estrogen
Progestrone
Prolactin
DHEAS
2007
06
01
110
115
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17187_7c815d7e4320158899bacc200ce0359f.pdf
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Iran.J.Immunol
1735-1383
1735-1383
2007
4
2
Comparison of Serological Methods (ELISA, DAT and IFA) for Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis Utilizing an Endemic Strain
Fattaneh
Mikaeili
Mahdi
Fakhar
Bahador
Sarkari
Mohammad H.
Motazedian
Gholamreza
Hatam
Background: The causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Iran is Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) (Mediterranean type) and its major reservoir host is the dog. Ob-jective: To compare the serological methods including direct agglutination test (DAT), indirect immunofluorescent-antibody test (IFA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent as-say (ELISA) for serodiagnosis of endemic strain of L. infantum. Methods: 61 blood samples from VL patients referred to Shiraz hospitals and 49 blood samples from con-trol group were collected. Native strain of the parasite isolated from a VL patient from the region was cultured and characterized. Antigens from this L. infantum parasite were used in ELISA and IFA system. Results: Anti-Leishmania antibody was detected in 43 (70.5%), 49 (80.3%) and 51(83.6%) cases using DAT, IFA and ELISA, respectively. Based on these results, sensitivity and specificity of DAT was found to be 70.5% and 100%, respectively. Sensitivities of IFA and ELISA in diagnosis of VL were 80.3% and 83.6% and their specificity was 90.5%. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that DAT and ELISA have the highest specificity and sensitivity in diagnosis of VL. DAT is a simple, cost-effective and field applicable test. Thus, it can be recommended for early and accurate diagnosis of VL, especially in regions where malaria, brucellosis and tu-berculosis are prevalent.
visceral leishmaniasis
ELISA
IFA
DAT
2007
06
01
116
121
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17188_7dc251465eee0b682f204f77c6dda546.pdf
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Iran.J.Immunol
1735-1383
1735-1383
2007
4
2
Perforin Gene Analaysis in an Iranian Family with Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Hamid
Galehdari
Ebrahim
Mohammadi
Behnaz
Andashti
Ali
Naderi
Mohammad Ali
Molavi
Perforin gene (PRF1) mutations have been reported in 20-30% of patients with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL), an immune disorder of infancy and early childhood. Cytotoxic T and natural killer (NK) cell activities are remarkably reduced or ab-sent in FHL patients. We report the first cases of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocy-tosis in an Iranian family with two siblings. Exons 2 and 3 of the PRF1 gene were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and direct sequencing. Perforin gene mu-tation(s) were detected in none of the cases. The result of our study indicates that not much evidence is present concerning a correlation between perforin gene defects and familial he-mophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis etiology in these cases.
Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Perforin gene
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
2007
06
01
122
126
https://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17189_acd735d10ef8b920b6ab8adbf4e52333.pdf