Nitin Deshpande
Abstract
Dear Editor
I am writing in response to the recently published study titled "Antibody Production after COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity" (1). The article offers essential insights into the immune response engendered by COVID-19 vaccines in a vulnerable cohort. To build ...
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Dear Editor
I am writing in response to the recently published study titled "Antibody Production after COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity" (1). The article offers essential insights into the immune response engendered by COVID-19 vaccines in a vulnerable cohort. To build upon this seminal work and deepen our understanding, I offer the following brief suggestions for future research endeavours:
Conduct longitudinal studies to track the long-term vaccine efficacy and the potential need for booster vaccinations in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) (2). Utilize larger and more diverse patient populations for robustness in data and to better generalize findings across the spectrum of IEI conditions (3). Compare immune responses to different COVID-19 vaccine types within the IEI population to inform vaccine strategy optimizations (4).
Thank you for your consideration of these suggestions, and I commend your journal for addressing this critical aspect of the pandemic's response.
References:
Nourizadeh M, Feizabadi E, Mirmoghtadaei M, Mohammadi A, Fazlollahi MR, Moradi L, et al. Antibody Production after COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity. Iranian Journal of Immunology [Internet]. 2023 Dec 1;20(4):400–9
Tallantyre EC, Vickaryous N, Anderson V, Asardag AN, Baker D, Bestwick J, et al. COVID ‐19 Vaccine Response in People with Multiple Sclerosis. Annals of Neurology. 2021 Nov 17;91(1):89–100.
Mohamed Khosroshahi L, Rokni M, Mokhtari T, Noorbakhsh F. Immunology, immunopathogenesis and immunotherapeutics of COVID-19; an overview. International Immunopharmacology [Internet]. 2021 Apr 1;93:107364.
Liao SY, Gerber AN, Pearlanne Zelarney, Make B, Wechsler ME. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Antibody Response in Patients with Asthma Receiving Biologic Therapy: A Real-World Analysis. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2022 Sep 1;206(5):644–8
Author’s response
Dear Editor
As the corresponding author of the above-mentioned manuscript, I would like to thank the author(s) of this letter for their interest in our paper and valuable comments. It is a great suggestion to track the long-term vaccine efficacy and conduct longitudinal evaluations, especially with a larger number of samples. Additionally, comparing different types of COVID-19 vaccines would be very thoughtful. However, the pandemic has ended, and alternative sampling at different time points, preferably close to the time of vaccination, is not practicable currently. Therefore, we may have missed the golden time to evaluate humoral immunity, but it could still be assessed with more precise molecular techniques not currently available in our center, such as Omics profiling of patients and RNA sequencing.
Danesh Hassani; Mohammad Mehdi Amiri; Faezeh Maghsood; Vahid Salimi; Gholam Ali Kardar; Omid Barati; Seyed Mohammad Reza Hashemian; Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani; Amir-Hassan Zarnani; Fazel Shokri
Abstract
Background: Incidence and severity of SARS-CoV2 infection are significantly lower in children and teenagers proposing that certain vaccines, routinely administered to neonates and children may provide cross-protection against this emerging infection. Objective: To assess the cross-protection induced ...
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Background: Incidence and severity of SARS-CoV2 infection are significantly lower in children and teenagers proposing that certain vaccines, routinely administered to neonates and children may provide cross-protection against this emerging infection. Objective: To assess the cross-protection induced by prior measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccinations against COVID-19. Methods: The antibody responses to MMR and tetanus vaccines were determined in 53 patients affected with SARS-CoV2 infection and 52 age-matched healthy subjects. Serum levels of antibodies specific for NP and RBD of SARS-CoV2 were also determined in both groups of subjects with ELISA. Results: Our results revealed significant differences in anti-NP (p <0.0001) and anti-RBD (p <0.0001) IgG levels between patients and healthy controls. While the levels of rubella- and mumps specific IgG were not different in the two groups of subjects, measles-specific IgG was significantly higher in patients (p <0.01). The serum titer of anti-tetanus antibody, however, was significantly lower in patients compared to healthy individuals (p <0.01). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that measles vaccination triggers those B cells cross-reactive with SARS-CoV2 antigens leading to the production of increased levels of measles-specific antibody.
Elahe Jandaghi; Maral Hemati; Maryam Mohammadlou; Jafar Jandaghi; Majid Mirmohammadkhani; Navid Danaei; Parviz Kokhaei
Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) causing a human pandemic disease named COVID-19 has become a major global health concern. Iran as one of the most affected countries needs unprecedented effort for monitoring and evaluation of COVID-19. Objective: To determine ...
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Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) causing a human pandemic disease named COVID-19 has become a major global health concern. Iran as one of the most affected countries needs unprecedented effort for monitoring and evaluation of COVID-19. Objective: To determine the seroprevalance of COVID-19 in Semnan province North-East of Iran. Methods: Six hundred people were randomly selected using the "SIB data-base". From 1 to 30 June, 2020, 153 participants of Semnan population were enrolled. Blood, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples were obtained. Prevalence of IgM and IgG antibodies were ascertained using ELISA and Real-Time PCR was conducted to evaluate viral load. Estimates of prevalence were standardized by age and sex, based on the 2015 national census of Semnan province. Results: Seroprevalence showed no difference between females and males and no significant association between age and seropositivity. Among total participants, the age and sex adjusted prevalence of SARS-CoV2 infection was 19.3% (95% CI, 14.0-26.7 per 100 persons). Approximately 10% of participants had detectable antibodies but showed a negative-PCR result. However, approximately 80% of participants did not show an evidence of infection. Conclusion: The majority of the population in Semnan province has no detectable antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, Semnan is considered a SARS-CoV-2 susceptible area. These results emphasize the need for maintaining public health measures to tackle the new epidemic wave.
Babacar Mbengue; Birahim Niang; Bacary Diatta; Adama Tali; Olivier Garraud; Ronald Perraut; Alioune Dieye
Volume 7, Issue 3 , September 2010, , Pages 150-161
Abstract
Background: Cerebral malaria (CM) is one of the major causes of death in African populations infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Only 1% of infected subjects develop CM. The reasons for these differences are not fully understood, but it is likely that the host humoral response against blood-stage antigens ...
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Background: Cerebral malaria (CM) is one of the major causes of death in African populations infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Only 1% of infected subjects develop CM. The reasons for these differences are not fully understood, but it is likely that the host humoral response against blood-stage antigens plays a role in protection from malaria, although the precise targets and mechanisms mediating immunity remain unclear. Objective: The purpose of this study was to distinguish between defined P. falciparum- specific Ab response patterns in patients presenting with mild malaria (MM) vs. CM. Methods: We used a panel of P. falciparum conserved antigens including crude blood-stage extracts schizont, merozoite and parasitised erythrocyte membranes and MSP-1p19, PfEB200, R23 and GST-5 recombinant antigens in a retrospective casecontrol study of symptomatic adults, one group presenting confirmed CM without fatal outcome and another group with MM. We further matched P. falciparum-specific Ab responses with those from individuals living in an endemic setting known to have protective immunity and considered them as “immune control” subjects (IC). Total IgG, IgM and IgG subclass Ab responses were determined using ELISA method. Results: Substantial Ab responses were found in symptomatic patients, significantly lower than the “immune control” subjects, and with a limited quantitative difference between MM versus CM. Interestingly, asynchronous IgM response was evidenced in CM contrary to MM. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the contribution of an efficient IgG response against parasite multiplication is of importance in the evolution towards CM manifestation without fatal outcome and deserves further analysis for vaccine candidates.