Haibai Sun; Jiaqing Liu; Ranran Feng; Chunyan Wang; Yuming Li; Xiao Wang
Abstract
Background: Follicular helper T lymphocyte (Tfh) promotes antibody production by B lymphocytes in various diseases, including Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB). Objective: To explore the potential role of Tfh cells and assess the expression level of PD-1, and IL-21 in PTB. Methods: 54 newly diagnosed ...
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Background: Follicular helper T lymphocyte (Tfh) promotes antibody production by B lymphocytes in various diseases, including Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB). Objective: To explore the potential role of Tfh cells and assess the expression level of PD-1, and IL-21 in PTB. Methods: 54 newly diagnosed smear-positive PTB, 27 people with latent tuberculosis (LTB) and 27 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. The PTB group was further divided based on the range of lung field involved (focus number>=3, PTB-X3; <3, PTB-X2). After 6-month therapy, sputum smear (positive, PTB-SP; negative, PTB-SN) or imaging examinations (lesion reduction significant, PTB-os; insignificant, PTB-s) were used to evaluate the conditions of PTB patients. Blood samples were collected from PTB group at month six. CD4+CXCR5+Tfh, and its subsets, CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+Tfh and CD4+CXCR5+ICOS+Tfh in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were detected. Serum IL-21 concentrations were measured. Results: The frequencies of CD4+CXCR5+Tfh, CD4+CXCR5+ICOS+Tfh and CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+Tfh were higher in PTB group than in HC. IL-21, IL-4 and IFNγ concentrations were significantly higher in PTB group than in HC. The proportion of CD4+CXCR5+Tfh in PTB-X2 was lower than in PTB-X3 group. CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+Tfh proportion in PTB-X2 was lower than that in the PTB-X3. After treatment, CD4+CXCR5+Tfh proportion was significantly lower in the PTB-SN group. CD4+CXCR5+Tfh was lower in the PTB-os group than in the PTB-s group. However, the CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+Tfh and cytokine concentrations of IL-21 were not different. Conclusions: CD4+CXCR5+Tfh level might predict the sputum results, and lesion decrease rate while CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+Tfh subset and IL-21 were not associated with sputum results or lesion decrease after treatment.
Nahid Daraei; Mehri Ghafourian; Ata Ghadiri; Afshin Amari; Mahin Najafian; Saber Rokhafrooz
Abstract
Background: The development of a maternal immune response to fetal antigens and deficiency in regulatory T-cells (Tregs) may lead to preeclampsia. A plausible explanation for the reduced Treg cell function in women with preeclampsia is the presence of exhausted Treg cells which express CD279 or programmed ...
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Background: The development of a maternal immune response to fetal antigens and deficiency in regulatory T-cells (Tregs) may lead to preeclampsia. A plausible explanation for the reduced Treg cell function in women with preeclampsia is the presence of exhausted Treg cells which express CD279 or programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1), a negative regulatory molecule associated with limited proliferative capacity and reduced immune suppression. Objective: To assess the number of Treg CD4+ CD25high and exhausted Treg CD4+ CD25high CD279+ cells in women with preeclampsia (PE group) and healthy pregnant women (HP group) during the third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: Three-color flow cytometry was used to determine the proportion of Treg and exhausted Treg cells in 40 women in the PE group and 37 women in the HP group. Participants’ blood samples were placed in EDTA blood collection tubes. Peripheral mononuclear cells were separated from the samples and stained with flurochrome-conjugated antibodies against human CD4, CD25 and CD279 markers, and subsequently analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: The PE group had fewer Tregs compared to the HP group (p=0.011). There was a significant increase in the percentage of exhausted PD-1+(CD279) Tregs (p=0.035) in the PE group comparisons with the HP group. Conclusion: The increased number of PD-1 (CD279) molecules on the Treg cells may play a role in preeclampsia, hence it recommendation as a therapeutic target for the disease.
Esmaeil Allahmoradi; Saeid Taghiloo; Mohsen Tehrani; Hadi Hossein-Nattaj; Ghasem Janbabaei; Ramin Shekarriz; Hossein Asgarian-Omran
Volume 14, Issue 4 , December 2017, , Pages 257-269
Abstract
Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult leukemia in the western world. This health problem is caused due to the accumulation of mature B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and bone marrow. In the course of cancer, CD4+ T cells become “exhausted” and characterized ...
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Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult leukemia in the western world. This health problem is caused due to the accumulation of mature B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and bone marrow. In the course of cancer, CD4+ T cells become “exhausted” and characterized with poor effector functions and the expression of multiple inhibitory receptors. Objective: To investigate the frequency and functional properties of exhausted CD4+ T lymphocytes in patients with CLL. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 25 untreated CLL patients and 15 healthy volunteers. CLL patients were clinically classified according to the Rai staging system. The frequency of CD4+/Tim-3+/PD-1+ cells was obtained by flow cytometry. To evaluate cell proliferation and cytokine production, CD4+ T cells were isolated and stimulated with phytohemagglutinin and PMA/ionomycin. Concentrations of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 were measured in the culture supernatants of stimulated cells by the ELISA technique. Results: The percentage of CD4+/Tim-3+/PD-1+ cells was significantly higher in CLL patients than that of healthy controls. CD4+ T cells from CLL patients showed lower proliferative responses, a lower production of IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, and a higher production of IL-10, compared to healthy controls. CD4+ T cells from CLL patients in advanced clinical stages showed more exhaustion features than those of early stages. Conclusion: Given that the exhaustion phase of T cells can be reversible, targeted blocking of immune inhibitory molecules could be a promising tool to restore the host immune responses against leukemic cells in CLL.
