Manoochehr Rasouli; Simin Kiany; Abdolvahhab Alborzi
Volume 2, Issue 4 , December 2005, , Pages 226-231
Abstract
Background: Brucella is a gram-negative bacterium, causing acute and chronic infection in humans and animals. Cell-mediated immunity is the main protective immune response against Brucella spp. Activation of macrophages by IFN-γ and generation of reactive oxygen intermediates and nitric oxide are ...
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Background: Brucella is a gram-negative bacterium, causing acute and chronic infection in humans and animals. Cell-mediated immunity is the main protective immune response against Brucella spp. Activation of macrophages by IFN-γ and generation of reactive oxygen intermediates and nitric oxide are the main immunologic mechanisms responsible for control of Brucella infection. Objective: To investigate the correlation between IFN-γ gene polymorphism and brucellosis. Methods: 195 patients with brucellosis, 186 healthy patients' family members and 82 healthy farmers who kept infected animals and consumed their contaminated dairy products were selected to take part in the study. IFN-γ genotyping at position +874 (T→A) was carried out by allele specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) method. Results: The frequency of AT and TT genotypes significantly increased in farmers compared to patients with brucellosis (P=0.03) while there was no significant difference in genotype distribution between patients and their healthy family members. Conclusion: IFN-γ (+874) AA genotype is probably a genetic factor that contributes to the susceptibility of the individuals to brucellosis.
Borros Arneth
Volume 5, Issue 4 , December 2008, , Pages 226-228
Fei Ge; Longbao Zhu; Liangjun Yang; Wanzhen Li; Shenghua Wei; Yugui Tao; Guocheng Du
Abstract
Background: Alginate materials have been widely employed for biomedical applications ranging from wound healing to cancer treatment. However, how alginate materials affect the immune system is largely unknown. Objective: To explore the impact of alginate materials on immune system. Methods: The effect ...
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Background: Alginate materials have been widely employed for biomedical applications ranging from wound healing to cancer treatment. However, how alginate materials affect the immune system is largely unknown. Objective: To explore the impact of alginate materials on immune system. Methods: The effect of three types of alginate materials, low viscosity, high viscosity and particulate alginate, were examined by both in vivo and in vitro analyses. C57BL/6J (B6) mice were treated with alginate and peripheral blood was tested by ELISA for cytokine production. Dendritic cells, macrophages and splenocytes isolated from mice were analyzed for the response to alginate treatment. Administration of alginates by intra lymph node injection (I.L.N.) yielded more potent cytokines productions than other injection routes. Results: Alginate materials did not affect the viability of lymphocytes. Particulate alginate induced the most potent inflammatory reaction as determined by the production of cytokines, such as, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and IFN-γ. Low viscosity and particulate alginates are more effective than high viscosity alginates in activating dendritic cells as indicated by the expression of dendritic cells surface markers (CD80, CD86 and CD40). Similarly, the level of G-CSF was slightly higher in particulate alginate treated macrophages. Conclusion: Alginate materials could affect immune response through different ways, including promoting inflammatory cytokine production, and activating dendritic cells. Therefore, alginate materials, especially in particulate form, have the potential to be applied in inflammation related diseases.
Aboulghasem Ajami; Alireza Rafiei
Volume 4, Issue 4 , December 2007, , Pages 236-240
Abstract
Background: Although many experimental studies provide convincing evidence that type II immunity is protective against helminths, recent data in mice demonstrate that Th1 is also impor-tant in some cestodes like Hymenolepis nana. Objective: To identify the role of Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes in immunity ...
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Background: Although many experimental studies provide convincing evidence that type II immunity is protective against helminths, recent data in mice demonstrate that Th1 is also impor-tant in some cestodes like Hymenolepis nana. Objective: To identify the role of Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes in immunity against H. nana, the levels of IL-12, IFNγ, IL-5, and IL-13 were de-termined in serum of humans infected with this cestode. Methods: A total of 31 patients (case) with H. nana infection and 30 clinically healthy individuals (control) was included in this study. Measurements of IL-12, IFNγ, IL-13 and IL-5 in serum samples were performed by solid-phase sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbant assay. Differential leukocyte count was also done. T test, Mann Whitney U test and Wilcoxan W test were used for data analysis. Results: The mean concentrations of IFNγ, IL-12 and IL-5 in the sera of patients with H. nana infection were higher than the control group, but only the differences between the concentrations of IFNγ (p<0.001) and IL-13 (p<0.05) in the two groups were significant. There was an increase in the percentage of monocytes, eosinophils and lymphocytes in patients when compared to the controls, but this increase was not significant. Conclusion: Results from the present study in humans are in agree-ment with experimental studies in animals in which both Th1 and Th2 responses occur in H. nana infection.
Mogahid Yahi'a Nassar; Hassan Abdulwahab Al-Shamahy; Abdullah Saleh Al-Samawi; Nagieb Waza'a Abu Asba; Ibrahiem Husain El-Nono; Haitham Abdulwahab Masood
Volume 14, Issue 3 , September 2017, , Pages 240-249
Abstract
Background: Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) are found to be significant genetic factors concerning the susceptibility of an individual to certain diseases. Objective: To determine the association between variants of class I (A and B) and class II (DRB1) HLA alleles and chronic renal failure (CRF), compared ...
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Background: Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) are found to be significant genetic factors concerning the susceptibility of an individual to certain diseases. Objective: To determine the association between variants of class I (A and B) and class II (DRB1) HLA alleles and chronic renal failure (CRF), compared with healthy controls, in Yemen. Methods: A case-control study in the Urology and Nephrology Center at Al-Thawra University Hospital in Sana’a, Yemen was carried out between January 2013 and December 2015 and included 187 CRF patients, and 194 healthy controls visiting the same center for kidney donation. All CRF patients in the study were on haemodialysis. The control group was confirmed to be healthy following a clinical examination by specialist physicians. Among both patients and controls, HLA class I (A and B) and class II (DRB1) HLA typing was carried out by Sequence Specific Primers (SSP) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: There was a significant protective function for HLA-A*30 gene (CRF 9.1% vs. con 16%, p=0.045) against CRF development. There was a high frequency of HLA-A*02, HLA-B*51 and HLA-DRB1*04 alleles in both patients and controls. Conclusion: No HLAs were located to have a significant association with genetic tendency to CRF in the current study population, however, certain HLA alleles, for instance in HLA-A*30, could be considered protective against CRF progress.
Behnam Mohammadi-Ghalehbin; Gholam Reza Hatam; Bahador Sarkari; Mehdi Mohebali; Zabih Zarei; Mansoureh Jaberipour; Shahab Bohlouli
Volume 8, Issue 4 , December 2011, , Pages 244-250
Abstract
Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by Leishmania infantum in Mediterranean basin and is an endemic disease in some parts of Iran. Canines are the main reservoirs of VL in most of the endemic areas. Different serological methods have been introduced for diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis ...
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Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by Leishmania infantum in Mediterranean basin and is an endemic disease in some parts of Iran. Canines are the main reservoirs of VL in most of the endemic areas. Different serological methods have been introduced for diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Objective: In this survey a Fucose-Mannose Ligand (FML) ELISA, using native L. infantum antigen, was developed and its validity for detection of infected dogs in comparison with direct agglutination test (DAT) and PCR was evaluated. Methods: Blood samples of sixty ownership dogs (≤ 3 years old) were collected from Meshkin-shahr district in Ardabil province, North-west of Iran. Sera were separated for serological assays (DAT and FMLELISA) and the buffy coats were collected for molecular evaluation. Results: Two out of the 60 (3.33%) samples were found to be positive (antibody titer of ≥ 1/320) in DAT while seven of the 60 (11.66%) samples were positive by FML-ELISA. Nine out of 60 (15%) buffy coat samples showed a band about 680 bp indicative of L. infantum in PCR. Three out of 60 dogs had Kala-azar symptoms and were positive by PCR and FML-ELISA, while two of these three dogs had antibody titers >1/320 in their serum samples. The sensitivity and specificity of FML-ELISA for the detection of CVL in both symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs were found to be 77.8% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: Considering the acceptable sensitivity and high specificity of FMLELISA, use of this serological method can be recommended for epidemiological surveys of CVL.
Keyvan AMirshahrokhi; Mahmoud Ghazi-khansari; Ahmad Mohammadi-Farani; Golnar Karimian
Volume 7, Issue 4 , December 2010, , Pages 247-251
Abstract
Background: The renin-angiotensin system has an important role in hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Renin-angiotensin system blockade by angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors provides some protective effects against hepatic fibrogenesis. Captopril as an ACE inhibitor can decrease inflammatory ...
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Background: The renin-angiotensin system has an important role in hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Renin-angiotensin system blockade by angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors provides some protective effects against hepatic fibrogenesis. Captopril as an ACE inhibitor can decrease inflammatory mediators and attenuate hepatic fibrosis in the livers of bile duct ligated (BDL) rats. Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of captopril on cytokine production in hepatic fibrosis induced by a bile duct ligation model in rats. Methods: Male rats were divided into four groups including; control, sham operated, BDL, and BDL plus captopril (10 mg/kg/day, orally). After 28 days of treatment, the livers were removed for cytokine analysis. Hepatic interleukin (IL)-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were measured. Results: Captopril treatment decreased the hepatic content of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Conclusion: the present study suggests that the protective effect of captopril on hepatic fibrosis is likely to be mediated by cytokine production.
Elham Moghaddas; Seyedeh Maryam Hosseini; Karim Sharifi; Abdolrahim Rezai; Saman Soleimanpour; Mohammad Mobin Miri Moghaddam; Seyed Aliakbar Shamsian
Abstract
Background: The diagnostic methods which are used for acute ocular toxoplasmosis are very important; if the treatment is delayed, it sometimes leads to loss of vision. Fewstudies have been performed to evaluate serological tests used in the diagnosis of acute ocular toxoplasmosis. Objective: To evaluate ...
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Background: The diagnostic methods which are used for acute ocular toxoplasmosis are very important; if the treatment is delayed, it sometimes leads to loss of vision. Fewstudies have been performed to evaluate serological tests used in the diagnosis of acute ocular toxoplasmosis. Objective: To evaluate the immunoglobulin (Ig) M, G and IgG avidity tests for diagnosis of acute ocular toxoplasmosis in the northeast of Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2014 to December 2016. After an opthalmic examination was conducted by a retina specialist, 16 typical acute and 34 typical chronic ocular toxoplasmosis cases were included in this study. Information on clinical manifestations, age and occupation was recorded. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG, IgM and IgG avidity tests were administered on serum samples using the ELISA method. Results: Blurring of vision in all patients was the most clinical presentation. The IgG avidity test could diagnose all acute and recent cases. However, three false positive and one false negative result occurred using the IgM test by ELISA. The false negative result in all likelihood occurred because the patient was at the beginning stage of the infection. Conclusion: The result of this study showed that IgM is not a reliable marker of acute disease. Repetition of the serology tests was proposed in cases with clinical manifestations without detectable antibody titer after approximately two weeks. IgG avidity testing results coincided with clinical diagnosis and it could therefore considered to be a reliable method to differentiate between recently acquired and chronic ocular toxoplasmosis.
Mahmood Shams; Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani; Farzaneh Notash Haghighat; Ali Ahmad Bayat; Jafar Mahmoudian; Mohammad Reza Rezvani
Volume 10, Issue 4 , December 2013, , Pages 259-266
Abstract
Background: Human CD34 is a transmembrane glycoprotein which is expressed in human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the small- vessel endothelial cells of a variety of tissues. CD34 plays a critical role as a marker for diagnosis and classification of leukemia. Anti CD34 antibodies are used for isolation ...
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Background: Human CD34 is a transmembrane glycoprotein which is expressed in human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the small- vessel endothelial cells of a variety of tissues. CD34 plays a critical role as a marker for diagnosis and classification of leukemia. Anti CD34 antibodies are used for isolation and purification of HSCs from bone marrow, peripheral blood and cord blood. Objective: To characterize a newly produced monoclonal antibody against a human CD34 peptide. Methods: Anti CD34 monoclonal antibody (Clone 2C10-D3) was purified from mouse ascitic fluid and hybridoma cell culture supernatants by affinity chromatography and its immune reactivity was examined by ELISA. The purified antibody was further characterized using Western blot and flow cytometry on TF1 (Human Erythroblast) cell line. Results: ELISA experiment revealed that the antibody recognized CD34 peptide. Western blot analysis on TF1 cell lysate confirmed the reactivity of the antibody with a 42 KDa protein. Blocking the antibody with a saturating concentration of specific CD34 peptide resulted in loss of its activity with TF1 lysate in Western blot. The 2C10-D3 antibody reacted with TF1 cells in flow cytometry in a similar manner to a commercial anti CD34 monoclonal antibody. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the anti CD34 monoclonal antibody (Clone 2C10-D3) is an appropriate antibody to study the CD34+ cells by flow cytometry and Western blot.
Firouz Pouralibaba; Zohreh Babaloo; Farzaneh Pakdel; Tahmoores Abdollahian; Solmaz Pourzare
Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2012, , Pages 261-265
Abstract
Background: Pemphigus vulgaris, a chronic mucocutaneous disease, is the most prevalent type of pemphigus which manifests with development of bullae and erosions on skin and mucosal membranes. Objectives: To investigate the potential role of IL-23 in pemphigus vulgaris. Methods: In this study, 30 patients ...
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Background: Pemphigus vulgaris, a chronic mucocutaneous disease, is the most prevalent type of pemphigus which manifests with development of bullae and erosions on skin and mucosal membranes. Objectives: To investigate the potential role of IL-23 in pemphigus vulgaris. Methods: In this study, 30 patients with pemphigus vulgaris and 30 healthy individuals were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Measurement of IL-23 serum levels in blood samples was conducted by ELISA. Data was analyzed using Student’s t-test for comparison of IL-23 levels between the two groups. Results: Mean serum levels of IL-23 in patients with pemphigus and healthy controls were 25.1 ± 4.2 and 17.9 ± 4.7 pg/ml, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, serum levels of IL-23 were higher in patients with pemphigus in comparison to healthy individuals with no clinical significance.
Payam Mohammadinejad; Babak Mirminachi; Bamdad Sadeghi; Masoud Movahedi; Mohammad Gharagozlou; Javad Mohammadi; Hassan Abolhassani; Nima Rezaei; Asghar Aghamohammadi
Volume 11, Issue 4 , December 2014, , Pages 282-291
Abstract
Background: Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) are a group of hereditary disorders characterized by an increased susceptibility to severe and recurrent infections, autoimmunity, lymphoproliferative disorders, and malignancy. Objective: To evaluate the demographic and clinical data of PID patients ...
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Background: Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) are a group of hereditary disorders characterized by an increased susceptibility to severe and recurrent infections, autoimmunity, lymphoproliferative disorders, and malignancy. Objective: To evaluate the demographic and clinical data of PID patients diagnosed in a referral pediatric hospital. Method: All PID cases with a confirmed diagnosis, according to the criteria of International Union of Immunological Societies, who were referred to the Children’s Medical Center in Tehran, Iran, between March 2006 and March 2013 were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Results: Three-hundred and seven PID patients were investigated. Predominantly antibody deficiencies were the most common group of PID observed in 118 cases (38.4%), followed by the well-defined syndromes with immunodeficiency in 52 (16.9%), congenital defects of phagocyte in 45 (14.7%), combined immunodeficiencies in 36 (11.7%), autoinflammatory disorders in 34 (11.4%), immune dysregulation in 11 (3.6%), complement deficiencies in 7 (2.3%), and defects in innate immunity in 3 (1%). Selective IgA deficiency was the most prevalent disorder which affected 46 individuals (14.9%). The median diagnostic delay was 15 months. Conclusion: Increased awareness and availability of diagnostic tests could result in the better recognition of more undiagnosed PID cases and a decrease in diagnostic delay.
Abdolkarim Rahmanian; Navideh Mohebali; Ali Haghnegahdar; Eskandar Kamali Sarvestani; Ali Razmkon; Juri Kivelev; Fahim Baghban
Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2015, , Pages 302-310
Abstract
Background : Ruptured cerebral aneurysms (ICAs) are the most common non-traumatic cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) that is associated with life threatening complications such as Vasospasm, Infarction, and Hydrocephalus (HCP). The active participation of macrophage/monocyte-mediated inflammatory ...
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Background : Ruptured cerebral aneurysms (ICAs) are the most common non-traumatic cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) that is associated with life threatening complications such as Vasospasm, Infarction, and Hydrocephalus (HCP). The active participation of macrophage/monocyte-mediated inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of cerebral aneurysm as labeled with Monocyte ChemoattractantProtein-1 (MCP-1) is suggested. Objective: To measure the serum level of MCP-1 in ruptured CAs in different time intervals . Methods: We measured the serum levels of MCP-1 in SAH patients who had CAs and compared it with that of MCP-1 in two control groups: including patients with SAH without CAs, and the normal population of blood donors. We also measured the MCP-1 levels in patients with CAs one week afterward to evaluate the effect of treatment. Serum level of MCP-1 was measured by a commercial ELISA assay. Results: Mean serum MCP-1 level in patients with SAH and CAs was 188.2168 Pg/ml and 331.3982 Pg/ml in the normal population. There was no statistically significant difference between serum levels of MCP-1 on the first (mean=188.2168 Pg/ml) and 7 th days after SAH onset (mean=171.8450 Pg/ml) (p=0.739). Serum level of MCP-1 increased significantly as Glasgow Coma Scale decreased (p=0.078) and Hunt and Hess score increased (p=0.089). Conclusion: Our results did not show an increasing MCP-1 serum level in patients with aneurysmal SAH. There was a relationship between poor clinical grade and MCP-1 levels in patients with CAs. MCP-1 may be a local inflammatory marker for cerebral aneurysms without systemic manifestation.
Zeinab Tavakkol Afshari; Hamid Reza Rahimi; Seyed Morteza Ehteshamfar; Rashin Ganjali; Fatemeh Tara; Abbas Shapouri Moghadam
Volume 13, Issue 4 , December 2016, , Pages 309-316
Abstract
Background: Pre-eclampsia is the most common critical condition during pregnancy.
Plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1-beta
(IL-1β) increase in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia, compared to normal pregnant
women. Objective: To investigate the polymorphisms ...
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Background: Pre-eclampsia is the most common critical condition during pregnancy.
Plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1-beta
(IL-1β) increase in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia, compared to normal pregnant
women. Objective: To investigate the polymorphisms of IL-1β (C+3954T), TNF-α (G-
308A), and (G-238A) in preeclemptic women northeastern Iran. Methods: This study
was conducted on 153 preeclamptic women (case group) and 150 healthy pregnant
women (control group), admitted to Ghaem and Imam Reza hospitals of Mashhad, Iran.
IL-1β (C+3954T), TNF- α (G-238A) and TNF-α (G-308A) gene polymorphisms in the
promoter region were screened by polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed,
using SPSS version 16.0. Results: The mean age of the participants in the case and
control groups was 28.2 ± 6.1 and 27.1 ± 6.3 years, respectively (P=0.68). The
frequency of G-308A polymorphism was significantly higher in the case group,
compared to the control group (p<0.001). However, no significant relationship was
found between IL-1β genotype and pre-eclampsia (p=0.39). The frequency of TNF- α
(G-238A) AA genotype was significantly higher in the case group, while GG genotype
was less frequently detected in the case group, compared to the control group (p<0.001
for both genotypes). Moreover, the frequencies of AA genotypes of -238 TNF-α and G-
308A polymorphisms were significantly higher in the case group, compared to the
control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The significant correlation between inflammation
promoting genotypes of TNF-α and Pre-eclampsia is noteworthy and provides evidence
on the contribution of immune related genes in this disease.
Ferah Genel; Semiha Bahceci Erdem; Nesrin Gülez; Sait Karaman; Hikmet Tekin Nacaroglu; Lillemor Skattum; Lennart Truedsson
Nayyereh Saadati; Mandana khodashahi; Zahra Rezaieyazdi; Maryam Sahebari; Zeinab Saremi; Saeed Mohammadian Haftcheshmeh; Houshang Rafatpanah; Maryam Salehi
Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is described as a systemic and chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory polyarthritis. Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3) is a membrane glycoprotein expressed on activated, exhausted, and regulatory T cells. LAG3 plays a major role in the function ...
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Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is described as a systemic and chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory polyarthritis. Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3) is a membrane glycoprotein expressed on activated, exhausted, and regulatory T cells. LAG3 plays a major role in the function of Treg cells. LAG3 also has a soluble form (sLAG3) with a controversial role. Objective: To evaluate the serum level of sLAG3 in rheumatoid arthritis patients in comparison with healthy subjects and assess its association with the disease activity. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 105 patients with RA referred to Ghaem hospital of Mashhad, Iran. We divided the participants into four groups: 1) 35 untreated patients with newly diagnosed RA, 2) 35 active RA patients, 3) 35 patients in the remission phase of the disease, and 4) 35 healthy individuals matched in terms of age and sex. After completing the interview and questionnaire, the sLAG3 was evaluated by commercial ELISA. Results: The serum level of sLAG3 significantly increased in RA patients (76.78 ng/ml) as compared with the healthy participants (51.67, p=0.002). However, there was no significant difference between RA patients in the remission phase of the disease (114.11 ng/ml) and those with moderate to high disease activity (63.06 ng/ml, p=0.076). Conclusion: This study provided insights into the role of sLAG3 in the immunopathogenesis of RA disease, but further investigations are also warranted.
Elisa Vintiñi; Marcela Medina
Volume 14, Issue 4 , December 2017, , Pages 325-339
Abstract
Background: Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly-IC) has been used as a viral stimulus to mimic in vivo and in vitro infection induced by some viruses. Objective: To determine whether non-viable Lactobacillus casei CRL431 (LcM) can modulate the immune response induced by Poly I:C in co-culture ...
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Background: Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly-IC) has been used as a viral stimulus to mimic in vivo and in vitro infection induced by some viruses. Objective: To determine whether non-viable Lactobacillus casei CRL431 (LcM) can modulate the immune response induced by Poly I:C in co-culture models of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and A549 cells. Methods: T and NK cell activation was evaluated by flow cytometry and levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-29, and IL-17 by ELISA. Cells in direct contact with A549 (PBMC-A549) and cells with no contact with it (PBMC//A549) were used for this purpose. PBMCs alone and both co-culture systems were stimulated for 24 h with the following stimuli: LPS (10 µg/ml), LcM (106 UFC/ml), Poly I:C (2 µg/ml), Poly I:C+LcM, and LcM (3 h)+Poly I:C. Moreover, unstimulated cells were used as a control. Results: Poly I:C and LcM (3 h)+Poly I:C in PBMC-A549 showed a significant increase in the percentage of CD8+ expression (p<0.05). All stimuli induced significant activation from T CD4+, CD8+ cells compared with unstimulated PBMCs in both co-culture cells system. However, activation percentages were higher in direct co-culture. Poly I:C induced a higher level of pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IFN-γ cytokines as well as IL-17 and IL-29 with lower IL-10 levels in both co-culture systems while LcM induced a beneficial pattern of cytokines that would regulate Poly I:C effect. Conclusion: This in vitro model allowed us to highlight the potential of LcM as a modulator of anti-viral immune response and suggest its potential use in formulations against RNA respiratory viruses.
Abolghasem Hadinia; Amir Hossein Doustimotlagh; Hamed Reza Goodarzi; Arash Arya; Mojtaba Jafarinia
Abstract
Background: Pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with systemic inflammatory responses. Objective: To investigate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1b, IL-6, and TNF-a) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) compared to healthy individuals. ...
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Background: Pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with systemic inflammatory responses. Objective: To investigate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1b, IL-6, and TNF-a) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) compared to healthy individuals. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 30 patients with NAFL, 30 patients with NASH, and 30 healthy volunteers. The plasma level of IL-1b, IL-6, and TNF-a were determined by ELISA, and biochemical parameters were measured using colorimetric methods. Results: IL-1b and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with NASH compared with NAFL and control group. However, TNF-a levels had no significant variations in NAFL and NASH patients compared to the control group (p=0.903 and p=0.960, respectively). Conclusion: Results showed that the levels of ALT activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines were higher in patients with NASH compared to control and NAFL subjects; Therefore, steatosis and inflammation develop as a result of excessive pro-inflammatory factors in NASH.
Hong Wu; Yanqi Fu; Yuhuan Jiang; Yali Liu; Zhibin Cheng; Yanting Shao; Yijun Nie
Abstract
Background: Natural killer (NK) cells play a role in the pathogenesis of various metabolic diseases related to obesity. While our initial findings have indicated a potential involvement of NK cells in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the precise mechanism underlying NK cell-mediated development ...
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Background: Natural killer (NK) cells play a role in the pathogenesis of various metabolic diseases related to obesity. While our initial findings have indicated a potential involvement of NK cells in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the precise mechanism underlying NK cell-mediated development of this form of diabetes remains inadequately comprehended.Objective: To investigate the impact and the underlying mechanism of high glucose and elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) on immune and inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in NK92 cells.Methods: In this experiment, the CCK8 cytotoxicity assay was used to select the 44.4 mM and 1.5 mM concentrations of high glucose and high FFAs, respectively, to treat NK92 cells for 4 days. The concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were determined using a biochemical analyzer. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, cytokines concentrations (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10), and the expression levels of intracellular molecules (perforin and granzyme B) were assessed by flow cytometry.Results: The number of NK92 cell clumps was significantly reduced in the high-FFA (HF) group. In addition, the production of ROS and levels of cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10) significantly decreased in the HF group but showed no significant change in the high-glucose (HG) group. This observation was consistent with the expression levels of perforin and granzyme B that decreased in the HF group.Conclusion: High FFAs induced morphological changes and serious damage to oxidative stress and inflammatory response in NK92 cells.
Volume 9, Issue 1 , March 2012
Behzad Haghpanah; Mansoor Salehi; Shahram Sadri
Volume 3, Issue 1 , March 2006, , Pages 47-53
Abstract
Background: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease with high seroprevalence worldwide. Several immunological methods have been described for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Objective: To determine the parasitemia period in patients infected with toxoplasma using PCR and comparing serological data with molecular ...
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Background: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease with high seroprevalence worldwide. Several immunological methods have been described for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Objective: To determine the parasitemia period in patients infected with toxoplasma using PCR and comparing serological data with molecular results. Methods: 154 serum samples from patients with toxoplasmosis were examined. Presence of parasite DNA was evaluated using PCR method. IgG and IgM antibody titers were measured using IFA test. Results: Of 154 studied samples, 28 were positive for IgM and 60 were positive for IgG with titers higher than 1/400. PCR was performed on those samples having either IgG or IgM titers. Samples with IgM titers lower than 1/800 and higher than 1/3200 had no detectable level of parasite DNA. Parasitemia was detected in cases with IgG titer of 1/100 to 1/200. All samples with no detectable IgM and with IgG titers higher than 1/400 were negative when tested by PCR. Conclusion: IgM specific antibody titer between 1/800 and1/3200 represents a window opportunity in treatment of patients with toxoplasmosis. Absence of parasite DNA in patients with higher IgM antibody titer is explained by the effector mechanism of antibody for clearance of the parasite.
Ahmad Jalili; Tamar Kinaciyan; Talin Barisani; Markus Peck-Radosavljevic; Georg Stingle; Alexandra Geusau; Stefan Wöhrl
Volume 6, Issue 1 , March 2009, , Pages 55-58
Sangeeta Pahuja; Neha Sethi; Anil Gurtoo; Arun Kumar Pande; Priyanka Chaudhary; Manjula Jain
Volume 8, Issue 1 , March 2011, , Pages 58-63
Viroj Wiwanitkit
Volume 4, Issue 1 , March 2007, , Pages 58-60
Seyyed Mohammad Ali Ghayumi
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2005, , Pages 63-65
Abstract
A 40 year old female presented with a history of cough for 1.5 years and diarrhea for 5 days. She further had a history of pinkish discoloration of skin and red-crusted papules on the anterior and posterior parts of the trunk. Chest X-ray and chest CTScan revealed focal nodular densities in lung besides ...
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A 40 year old female presented with a history of cough for 1.5 years and diarrhea for 5 days. She further had a history of pinkish discoloration of skin and red-crusted papules on the anterior and posterior parts of the trunk. Chest X-ray and chest CTScan revealed focal nodular densities in lung besides an anterior mediastinal mass. The mediastinal mass was surgically removed and the pathologic diagnosis was a lymphocytic type of thymoma (Fig. 1). Laboratory data showed low albumin (2.9 gr/dl), high alkaline phosphatase (1448 units/l), high SGOT and SGPT (107 units/l and 128 units/l, respectively) with total billirubin of 1.38 (mg/dl), direct billirubin of 0.52 (mg/dl) and γGt: 440 (Normal < 40). Other positive findings included ANA: 1/640 speckled pattern, low hemoglobin: 9.1 (g/dl), mild eosinophilia (595/mm 3) and positive occult blood in stool, with normal WBC, BUN, Na, K, Ca, PO4 and uric acid. Serum immunoelectrophoresis, abdominal sonography, fine needle aspiration of liver and endoscopic retrograde cholongiography were all normal. The report of skin biopsy indicated a lichen planus bolus type lesion. Colonoscopy detected points of inflammation with thick mucosa and biopsy was in favor of ulcerative colitis. Due to severe photophobia, she had previously consulted with an ophthalmologist revealing keratoconjuctivits sicca due to dry eye. Four months later, she was expired due to severe pneumonia and sepsis.
Mahmood Soveid; Peyman Petramfar
Volume 13, Issue 1 , March 2016, , Pages 64-68
Abstract
High cortisol level in endogenous Cushing’s syndrome suppresses the immune system and after treatment there may be an over activity of immune reaction leading to autoimmune diseases mostly thyroid and rheumatologic disorders. This is the second reported case of multiple sclerosis developing after ...
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High cortisol level in endogenous Cushing’s syndrome suppresses the immune system and after treatment there may be an over activity of immune reaction leading to autoimmune diseases mostly thyroid and rheumatologic disorders. This is the second reported case of multiple sclerosis developing after treatment of Cushing’s syndrome. A 42-year old man is reported who presented with bone fracture and osteoporosis and diagnosed with Cushing’s disease. Six months after surgical treatment of his pituitary adenoma, he developed progressive multiple sclerosis. We conclude that after treatment of endogenous Cushing’s syndrome, the patients should be watched for development of autoimmune disorders including those affecting the central nervous system.
