Rujittika Mungmunpuntipantip; Viroj Wiwanitkit
Mobina Fathi; Kimia Vakili; Fatemeh Sayehmiri; Ashraf Mohamadkhani; Reza Ghanbari; Mohammadreza Hajiesmaeili; Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a new global health threat. Objectives: To analyze the effectiveness of the measurement of specific antibodies to SARS-CoV2 (IgM and IgG) for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and to ...
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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a new global health threat. Objectives: To analyze the effectiveness of the measurement of specific antibodies to SARS-CoV2 (IgM and IgG) for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and to analyze the rate of SARS-CoV2 seroprevalence in the population. Methods: 11 relevant studies, published before June 5, 2020, were included in this meta-analysis. These studies were identified by searching the MEDLINE and Scopus databases. The final selected studies were analyzed using STATA version 14. Publication bias was examined using both Egger's test and Funnel plots. Moreover, the I² statistic has been used to evaluate and verify heterogeneity. Results: The 11 relevant studies selected for the present meta-analysis cover a total of 996 infection cases. According to the results, the average rate of positive cases for IgM (AU/mL) was 2.10 (95% CI: 1.65-2.55; I2=92.2%), and the sensitivity in individuals with positive IgM test was 63% (95% CI: 47-79; I2=94.9%). In addition, the average rate of positive cases for IgG (AU/mL) was 67.44 (95% CI: 28.79-106.09; I2=99.4%), and the sensitivity in individuals with positive IgG test was 79% (95% CI: 67-90; I2=89.5%). Conclusions: According to this analysis, detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies may assist early detection of SARS-CoV2 infection. Whether antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 confer protective immunity warrants further studies.
Marco Di Tola; Mariacatia Marino; Rossella Casale; Marta Puzzono; Caterina Urciuoli; Antonio Picarelli
Volume 12, Issue 1 , March 2015, , Pages 74-80
Abstract
Background: Celiac disease is a common autoimmune disorder that is diagnosed based on clinical case identification, serological screening, and duodenal histology. However, the existence of mild clinical forms, such as seronegative cases with patchy atrophy and potential celiac disease, can make it difficult ...
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Background: Celiac disease is a common autoimmune disorder that is diagnosed based on clinical case identification, serological screening, and duodenal histology. However, the existence of mild clinical forms, such as seronegative cases with patchy atrophy and potential celiac disease, can make it difficult to determine a definitive diagnosis. The seronegative patients with celiac disease can include those with discordant antibody results and false-negative results, due to unknown origins or selective IgA deficiency. Case presentation: We present two cases with discordant antibody results in order to evaluate if the simultaneous detection of specific antibodies can improve the serodiagnosis of celiac disease. In both patients, the simultaneous detection of IgA/IgG anti-tissue transglutaminase/deamidated gliadin peptides gave discordant positive results by the same antibodies assayed individually. Conclusion: Although further studies are needed to confirm and extend our findings, the simultaneous detection of specific antibodies seems to improve the serodiagnosis of celiac disease in patients with discordant antibody results.
Leila Rezanezhad; Jaleh Zolghadri; Behrouz Gharesi-Fard
Volume 10, Issue 4 , December 2013, , Pages 238-246
Abstract
Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy specific syndrome that is associated with high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Glucose regulated protein78 (GRP78) is an Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) protein which is expressed on the cell surfaces of trophoblast cells under stress or hypoxic condition. ...
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Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy specific syndrome that is associated with high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Glucose regulated protein78 (GRP78) is an Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) protein which is expressed on the cell surfaces of trophoblast cells under stress or hypoxic condition. GRP78 has a role in aggressive behavior of invasive cells and may play a role in normal placentation. Objectives: To investigate the autoantibody against GRP78 in the sera of patients with PE and to assess the correlation between antibody and severity of the disease. Methods: We evaluated the anti-GRP78 antibody within the sera of fifty pre-eclamptic (12 severe and 38 mild PE) and fifty healthy pregnant women using a home-made ELISA assay. Furthermore, western blot technique was used to assess the expression of GRP78 in placenta of healthy and pre-eclamptic women in their third trimester. The presence of anti-GRP78 antibody in the serum samples from pre-eclamptic and healthy women was also assessed. Results: GRP78 was expressed by placenta, and both healthy and preeclamptic women produced anti-GRP78 antibody. Although no significant difference was found between the pre-eclamptic and healthy women regarding the level of anti-GRP78 antibody, the difference between severe pre-eclamptic and healthy control women was statistically significant (p<0.003). Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated that measurement of anti-GRP78 antibody may provide a new marker for severe pre-eclampsia. Yet, future studies are required to confirm this notion.
Mohammad Reza Bonyadi; Mohammad Barzegar; Reza Badalzadeh; Mazyar Hashemilar
Volume 7, Issue 2 , June 2010, , Pages 117-123
Abstract
Background: Anti-ganglioside antibody assays are widely used for diagnosis of autoimmune peripheral neuropathies. Objective: This study aimed to determine serum levels of anti-ganglioside antibodies in children with Guillain-Barre syndrome by immunoblotting technique and compare the results with those ...
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Background: Anti-ganglioside antibody assays are widely used for diagnosis of autoimmune peripheral neuropathies. Objective: This study aimed to determine serum levels of anti-ganglioside antibodies in children with Guillain-Barre syndrome by immunoblotting technique and compare the results with those obtained by ELISA method. Method: In this investigation, 50 children with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) who were admitted from July 2006 to July 2008, to Tabriz Children’s hospital in the northwest of Iran were studied. 30 children admitted for various other reasons than GBS were randomly selected as a control group. The levels of anti-ganglioside antibodies in serum were measured by ELISA and immunoblotting methods using commercial kits. Results: Anti-ganglioside antibodies (IgG) were detected in 16 (32%) GBS patients and in 1 (3.3%) control using ELISA assay. However, by employing immunoblotting technique, antibodies against seven gangliosides were found positive in 28 (56%) GBS patients and none in the control group. The sensitivities of immunoblotting and ELISA methods were 56% and 32% and their specificities were 100% and 97%, respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion: According to the clinical criteria of GBS, the specificity and sensitivity of immunoblotting was better than those of ELISA. It is important to notice that the immunoblotting method is able to measure the seven types of antibodies (GM1, GM2, GM3, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b, and GQ1b) simultaneously and it is an easy, routine method with a lower cost.
Seyed Mahmoud Sadjjadi; Sadreddin Mohseni Ardehali; Reza Adibmanesh; Ezzatollah Basiri
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2005, , Pages 56-62
Abstract
Background: Different methods have been used for characterization of Leishmania promastigotes. Monoclonal antibodies are useful in characterization of Leishmania spp . both amastogotes and promastigotes. Objective: Comparing the characterization of Leishmania spp. promastigotes with immunoperoxidase ...
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Background: Different methods have been used for characterization of Leishmania promastigotes. Monoclonal antibodies are useful in characterization of Leishmania spp . both amastogotes and promastigotes. Objective: Comparing the characterization of Leishmania spp. promastigotes with immunoperoxidase test (Avidin-Biotin) techniques and an indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA). Methods: Application of specific monoclonal antibodies for characterization of different Leishmania species. Immunoperoxidase tests (Avidin-Biotin) and indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) were employed for characterization of different Leishmnia promastigotes from culture. Five monoclonal antibodies including LXXVIII-2E5- A8 (D2) specific for L. donovani:L. infantum , IS2-2B4 (A11) specific for L. tropica, XCIV-H2- AB (T10) specific for L. tropica, XLVI-5B8- B3 (T1) specific for L. major, and T7 reactive to both L. major and L. tropica as well as an anti GP63 mAb were used. Results: The best result was obtained with the dilution of 1:50 for both mAb and conjugate. One hundred percent sensitivity and specificity was achieved for characterization of Leishmania promastogotes with both methods. Conclusion: As immunoperoxidase method needs less equipments compared to IFA technique, it would be a preferred method for characterization of promastigotes.
Habibollah Saadat; Parviz Pakzad; Mandana Sattari; Negar Seyed
Volume 1, Issue 1 , June 2004, , Pages 63-70
Abstract
Background: Streptokinase, which is injected intravenously with a standard dose of 1.5 MIU, is the most widely used thrombolytic agent around the world. What is so important about this bioproduct is the level of antistreptokinase (anti-sk) antibody in the population, which is directly correlated to the ...
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Background: Streptokinase, which is injected intravenously with a standard dose of 1.5 MIU, is the most widely used thrombolytic agent around the world. What is so important about this bioproduct is the level of antistreptokinase (anti-sk) antibody in the population, which is directly correlated to the incidence of streptococcal infections in that population. Objective: Since Iran is an endemic area for streptococcal infections, this study was conducted to assess the anti-sk level in an Iranian population. Materials and Methods: 97 males and 47 females referred to Modarress Hospital of Tehran for coronary angiography and cardiac catheterization were included. 10 ml of venous blood was taken before angiographies from each patient. According to the angiography reports, the patients were divided into three groups: Coronary Artery Diseases (CAD, n=95), Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD, n=19) and normal coronaries (n=30). The anti-sk antibody level was assessed in the serum samples of all patients using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay. Results: In 23.2% of patients with CAD, 40% of normal coronaries and 73.7% of patients with RHD, the serum samples contained more than 2 arbitrary units (AU) of anti-SK antibody which regarded as high levels. There was no significant difference between the anti-sk level of patients with CAD and normal coronaries (2.03 ± 3.02 AUs vs. 2.52 ± 2.23 AU), but the level of antibody in RHD group (8.16 ± 10.1 AU) was significantly higher than other groups (p<0.05). No significant correlation was observed between antibody levels and the age or gender of patients. Conclusion: We concluded that the level of anti-sk antibody is high in Iranian population as compared to other endemic areas for streptococcal infections. Also we found no relation between the level of antibody and sex and age of patients. This study accentuated the necessity of assessment of drug efficacy in endemic areas for streptococcal infections especially in those patients with valvular heart disease.
