Iranian Journal of Immunology

Disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Disease after BCG Vaccination: A Case Report from China

Document Type : Case Report

Authors

Luoya Ling 1
Youqing Wang 2
Ye Ding 2
Lin Zheng 3
Xiaohua Qi 1
Mingjuan Jin 2
Kun Chen 2
Shuyun Xie 1

1 Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention

2 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health

3 Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Xihu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China

https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.2015.16736
Abstract
Background: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination is recommended for newborn infants worldwide to prevent tuberculosis. However, complications do occur inevitably in a very low rate, among which the most serious is disseminated disease. The disseminated bacillus Calmette–Guérin disease is a rare disease with high fatality, and can be seen among persons with an underlying immunodeficiency. Case presentation: We report a 4-month-old male infant presenting with recurrent fever, an isolated left axillary massand swelling at the site of BCG inoculation. The cellular immune function analysis showed that the value of CD4/CD8 was 0.994, indicating the existence of immunodeficiency.The results of blood culture and throat swab culture showed conditional pathogen infection. He died of cardiopulmonary failure.
Conclusion: In this case, necropsy played a significant role in the final diagnosis of disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis.

Keywords

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)
immunodeficiency
Pathogen
infection
Tuberculosis
Vaccination
Iranian Journal of Immunology
Volume 12, Issue 1
Winter 2015
Pages 70-73

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