Original Article
Atefeh Kamallou; Mahbobeh Haji Abdolbaghi; Minoo Mohraz; Mernaz Rasolinejad; Ehsan Karbasi; Bita Ansaripour; Samaneh Soltani; Arezou Rezaei; Neda Khalili; Aliakbar Amirzargar
Volume 11, Issue 4 , December 2014, Pages 221-232
Abstract
Background: Lymphocyte subsets enumeration is considered prominent in the management of primary and acquired immunodeficiency disorders. Because of local variations due to race, age, gender, and environmental conditions on lymphocyte subsets, and to improve the accuracy of interpretation of laboratory ...
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Background: Lymphocyte subsets enumeration is considered prominent in the management of primary and acquired immunodeficiency disorders. Because of local variations due to race, age, gender, and environmental conditions on lymphocyte subsets, and to improve the accuracy of interpretation of laboratory findings, reference intervals must be determined in every population. Objective: To establish a normal reference range for CD3+ , CD4+ , CD8+ , CD19+ and CD56+ lymphocytes in a healthy Iranian adult population using flowcytometry. Method: Blood samples were collected from 221 HIV seronegative individuals, including 112 females and 109 males, with ages ranging from 20 to 40 years old. The percentage of lymphocytes expressing either of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19 and CD56 surface markers were determined by flowcytometry assay. Result: Total mean percentage and absolute count of lymphocyte subsets were as follows: CD3+ : 70.90 ± 7.54%, 1800.87 ± 471.09 cells/µl; CD4+ : 41.04 ± 7.86%, 1039.99 ± 338.02 cells/µl; CD8+ : 31.11 ± 6.60%, 783.95 ± 234.87 cells/µl; CD19+ : 12.77 ± 4.56%, 328.37 ± 153.17 cells/µl; CD56+ : 15.53 ± 6.34%, 388.62 ± 176.17 cells/µl, respectively. The ratio of CD4+ /CD8+ lymphocytes for the studied population was 1.39 ± 0.48. Significant differences were observed between male and female subjects indicating that the average percentage of CD3+ cells (p=0.017) and CD4+ T cells (p=0.003) were higher in the female population, whereas the average percentage of CD19+ cells (p=0.02) tended to be higher among males. However, investigations on the CD56+ NK cell and CD8+ T cell sub-populations did not show any statistical differences between the two genders. In comparison with reports of other populations, we were confronted with different results. Conclusion: Establishing reference values of lymphocyte subsets for each population is helpful in achieving standard criteria for the prognosis of HIV infection. Therefore, normal ranges established by this survey can be used as a reference for decisions made in clinical practice.
Original Article
Feryal Dabagh-Gorjani; Fahimeh Anvari; Jaleh Zolghadri; Eskandar KamaliSarvestani; Behrouz Gharesi-Fard
Volume 11, Issue 4 , December 2014, Pages 233-245
Abstract
Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the most complex and life-threatening pregnancy disorders and is considered as a major cause of mortality among mothers and fetuses worldwide. Although the exact etiology of PE is not well known several lines of evidence support an immunological etiology for PE. ...
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Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the most complex and life-threatening pregnancy disorders and is considered as a major cause of mortality among mothers and fetuses worldwide. Although the exact etiology of PE is not well known several lines of evidence support an immunological etiology for PE. Objective: To investigate the differences in the expression of TLRs 2, 4, 5, and 6 and a group of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ in placentas from PE and healthy pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: This case-control study was performed on fifteen PE and fifteen age and gestational matched healthy pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Real time PCR (RT-PCR) technique was used to determine the expression of TLRs 2, 4, 5, and 6 in the maternal and fetal parts of the placenta. Moreover, the expressions of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ at RNA level in placental samples, peripheral, and cord blood were investigated. Results: The results of the present study indicated that the expressions of TLRs 4, 5 and 6 were significantly increased in both maternal part (p<0.001 and p<0.003 for TLRs 4, 6 and TLR 5, respectively) and fetal part (p<0.001), while TLR2 showed significant increase only in the fetal part of PE placentas (p<0.002). The levels of all studied cytokines showed over-expression within peripheral and cord blood samples from PE patients (p<0.001 for IL-1, IL-6, and IFN-γ and p<0.004 for TNF-α in both cord and peripheral blood samples). Conclusion: The finding of the present study indicated that the expression of the studied TLRs and inflammatory cytokines are generally suppressed in normal pregnancy, but are up regulated in preeclamptic women. Moreover, it seems that the maternal and fetal parts of the placenta may play different roles in the induction of the inflammatory status within the placenta.
Original Article
Mohammad Hossein Nikoo; Seyed Rahmatollah Taghavian; Hossein Golmoghaddam; Narges Arandi; Alireza Abdi Ardekani; Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
Volume 11, Issue 4 , December 2014, Pages 246-258
Abstract
Background: Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and an independent risk factor for stroke among the elderly. A role for inflammation in the atrial remodeling as well as development and recurrence of AF is known. Objective: To compare IL-17A between patients with different types ...
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Background: Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and an independent risk factor for stroke among the elderly. A role for inflammation in the atrial remodeling as well as development and recurrence of AF is known. Objective: To compare IL-17A between patients with different types of AF and healthy individuals. Methods: IL-17A was measured in sera of 112 patients and 107 healthy age/sexmatched controls using ELISA assay. In sera of 26 patients with elevated IL-17A (>1 Pg/ml), CCL5 and CCL18 levels were also measured. Results: IL-17A was significantly increased in patients with AF compared to controls (1.28 ± 3.5 vs. 0.19 ± 0.64 Pg/ml, p=0.001). There was no significant difference in the level of IL-17A between different types of AF. IL-17A was significantly higher in patients with a history of coronary artery bypass graft compared to other patients (p=0.01). A significant positive correlation between IL-17A and CCL18 concentration was found (p=0.001). An increase in the Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was observed in patients with elevated serum IL-17A compared to other patients (p=0.006). Male patients showed higher increase in NLR (p=0.007) which was accompanied by a decrease in CCL5 (p=0.000) and a marginal increase in CCL18 (p=0.085) compared to females. There was an increase in CCL5 levels in patients receiving Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) therapy (p=0.046). Conclusions: The increase in IL-17A levels is related to the AF pathology mediated by neutrophils and monocytes. The current study signifies the role of immune cells and cytokines in the pathology of AF.
Original Article
Mete Eyigor; Hulya Eyigor; Ustun Osma; MustafaDeniz Yilmaz; Nuray Erin; Omer Tarik Selcuk; Cem Sezer; Meral Gultekin; Sadi Koksoy
Volume 11, Issue 4 , December 2014, Pages 259-268
Abstract
Background: Although the imbalance of cytokines in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is well known, there is scarce data regarding its occurrence during dysplasia, before the malignant transformation. Objective: To determine whether laryngeal dysplasia patients show a different cytokine profile ...
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Background: Although the imbalance of cytokines in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is well known, there is scarce data regarding its occurrence during dysplasia, before the malignant transformation. Objective: To determine whether laryngeal dysplasia patients show a different cytokine profile than patients with cancer and healthy controls. Methods: Seventeen newly diagnosed, untreated larynx squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and six laryngeal dysplasia patients as well as 22 healthy controls were analyzed for circulating cytokines. A flowcytometry Th1/Th2 cytokine array kit was used to quantitatively measure Interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels. Additionally, IL-8 levels were determined through ELISA. Results: IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were determined to be statistically increased in SCC patients (p<0.05). IL-8 and IL-10 levels were also higher in SCC patients than dysplasia patients (p<0.05). Additionally, IL-6 and IL-10 were all found to be markedly increased in dysplasia patients compared with controls (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate an imbalance of IL-6 and IL-10 not only in HNSCC but also in laryngeal dysplasia.
Original Article
Arezou Sayad; Mohammad Taghi Akbari; Mahshid Mehdizadeh; Mohammad Taheri; Abbas Hajifathali
Volume 11, Issue 4 , December 2014, Pages 269-274
Abstract
Background: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) includes a wide range of diseases with different clinical and biological features. NHL is usually presented as localized or generalized lymphadenopathy. It has been suggested that the HLA class I and II are associated with susceptibility to NHL. Different ethnic ...
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Background: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) includes a wide range of diseases with different clinical and biological features. NHL is usually presented as localized or generalized lymphadenopathy. It has been suggested that the HLA class I and II are associated with susceptibility to NHL. Different ethnic groups have been found to have different HLA class I and II alleles which affect NHL. Objective: To evaluate the association of HLA class I and class II with Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in Iranian patients. Methods: We performed a case-control genotyping study on 75 Iranian NHL patients who were selected from among the patients referred to the Bone Marrow Transplantation Department of Taleghani Hospital and 120 apparently healthy control subjects using the SSP-PCR by a commercial kit. Results: Our results demonstrated that the HLA-A*26 (p: 0.026; OR: 8.5) and HLA-B*35 (p: 0.022; OR: 0.375) alleles had positive and negative associations with NHL disease, respectively. HLA-DRB1*13 allele showed decrease of frequency in patients in comparison with the controls, but it did not remain significant after correction. Conclusions: Our results conclude that HLA-A*26 may represent as a genetic susceptibility factors in Iranian patients with Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, a finding which generally supports contribution of genetic factors in the etiology of this disorder. In addition, these results may be useful in designing a peptide based vaccine for the Iranian NHL patients with HLA-A*26.
Original Article
Kiomars Nowroozpoor-Dailami; Araz-Mohammad Mirabi; Mohsen Tehrani; Abolghasem Ajami
Volume 11, Issue 4 , December 2014, Pages 275-281
Abstract
Background: Immune reactions have been reported to be involved in the destruction of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in glaucoma. Objective: To investigate the role of major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A and B (MICA and MICB) molecules in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Methods: Aqueous ...
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Background: Immune reactions have been reported to be involved in the destruction of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in glaucoma. Objective: To investigate the role of major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A and B (MICA and MICB) molecules in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Methods: Aqueous humor and serum samples from 15 glaucoma patients and 45 patients with cataract, undergoing ocular surgery, were obtained. The concentrations of MICA and MICB molecules in all samples were measured using ELISA. Results: Both MICA and MICB concentrations were higher in the aqueous humor of patients with glaucoma compared to those with cataract (p=0.013 and p=0.004, respectively); however, in the serum samples, no significant differences were observed. Conclusions: Increased intraocular pressure may be associated with increased expression of the MICA and MICB molecules, which could initiate the destruction of RGCs and consequent development of glaucoma.
Original Article
Payam Mohammadinejad; Babak Mirminachi; Bamdad Sadeghi; Masoud Movahedi; Mohammad Gharagozlou; Javad Mohammadi; Hassan Abolhassani; Nima Rezaei; Asghar Aghamohammadi
Volume 11, Issue 4 , December 2014, Pages 282-291
Abstract
Background: Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) are a group of hereditary disorders characterized by an increased susceptibility to severe and recurrent infections, autoimmunity, lymphoproliferative disorders, and malignancy. Objective: To evaluate the demographic and clinical data of PID patients ...
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Background: Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) are a group of hereditary disorders characterized by an increased susceptibility to severe and recurrent infections, autoimmunity, lymphoproliferative disorders, and malignancy. Objective: To evaluate the demographic and clinical data of PID patients diagnosed in a referral pediatric hospital. Method: All PID cases with a confirmed diagnosis, according to the criteria of International Union of Immunological Societies, who were referred to the Children’s Medical Center in Tehran, Iran, between March 2006 and March 2013 were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Results: Three-hundred and seven PID patients were investigated. Predominantly antibody deficiencies were the most common group of PID observed in 118 cases (38.4%), followed by the well-defined syndromes with immunodeficiency in 52 (16.9%), congenital defects of phagocyte in 45 (14.7%), combined immunodeficiencies in 36 (11.7%), autoinflammatory disorders in 34 (11.4%), immune dysregulation in 11 (3.6%), complement deficiencies in 7 (2.3%), and defects in innate immunity in 3 (1%). Selective IgA deficiency was the most prevalent disorder which affected 46 individuals (14.9%). The median diagnostic delay was 15 months. Conclusion: Increased awareness and availability of diagnostic tests could result in the better recognition of more undiagnosed PID cases and a decrease in diagnostic delay.
